African American and Black People Essay

1 . What issues most concerned black political leaders during Reconstruction? Reconstruction brought important social changes to former slaves. Families that had been separated before and during the Civil War were reunited, and slave marriages were formalized through legally recognized ceremonies. Families also took advantage of the schools established by the Freedmen’s Bureau and the expansion of public education, albeit segregated, under the Reconstruction legislatures. New opportunities for higher education also became available with the founding soon after the Civil War of black colleges, such as Howard University in Washington, D. C. , and Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. The number of African-American churches grew significantly and became social and political centers as well as houses of worship. Black ministers assumed a leadership role in the community and were among the first elected officials. The most fundamental concern of blacks through all of the changes, though, was economic survival. 2. What did black political leaders accomplish and fail to accomplish during Reconstruction? What contributed to their successes and failures? During the decade known as Radical Reconstruction (1867-77), Congress granted African American men the status and rights of citizenship, including the right to vote, as guaranteed by the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U. S. Constitution. During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African Americans held public office, from the local level all the way up to the U. S. Senate, though they never achieved representation in government proportionate to their numbers. 3. Were black political leaders unqualified to hold office so soon after the end of slavery? They were unqualified to hold office soon after the slavery because some of the amendments disqualified blacks. Yes because the amendments prevented blacks to be in the office. 4. To what extent did African Americans dominate southern politics during Reconstruction? Should we refer to this era as â€Å"Black Reconstruction† African Americans dominated the southern politics during Reconstruction because of the debate play a big part in the situation. 5. Why did the Republican Party fail to maintain control of southern state governments during Reconstruction? Because other party had more voters and stronger debates. 6. What was â€Å"redemption†? What happened when redemption occurred? What factors contributed to redemption? The return of an investor’s principal in a fixed income security, such as a preferred stock or bond; or the sale of units in a mutual fund. A redemption occurs, in a fixed income security at par or at a premium price, upon maturity or cancellation by the issuer. Redemptions occur with mutual funds, at the choice of the investor, however limitations by the issuer may exist, such as minimum holding periods. 7. How and why did Reconstruction end? reconstruction ended because of the compromise of 1877. It was an unwritten agreement that stated Hayes would win the presidency, if he were to remove troops from southern states (political).. Reconstruction also failed because many people in the south did not want to accept a life different from what they were used to (social). 8. How effective was Reconstruction in assisting black people to move from slavery to freedom? It was very effective because black people did get a chance to become free. 1 . How were black people prevented from voting despite the Fifteenth Amendment? Many white Americans were upset about the fifteenth amendment so they put fear in the black community by attacking them at the polls and throughout different cities. 2. How did white Americans justify segregation? They had better options than blacks. For example Blacks had to seat in the of the classroom and buses. 3. Why did the South experience an epidemic of violence? and lynching in the late nineteenth century? Because people wanted revenge upon people in the south 4. Why didn’t more black people leave the South in this period? Because they was afraid of what people from the south might do to them. 1. How did the strategies promoted by Booker T. Washington differ from those of W. E. B. Du Bois and the NAACP? Which were more effective? W. E. B Du Bois wanted people to work for the things they wanted. Booker T Washington wanted people to find a trade and work for the stuff they want. W. E. B Du Bois was more effective because the black community wanted to be educated was the can understand things . 2. Assess Washington’s contributions to the advancement of black people? Booker T Washington wanted people to find a trade and work for the stuff they want. 3. How did middle-class and prosperous black people try to contribute to progress for their race? Were their efforts effective? They efforts were effective they seen that it was possible for blacks to advance in life and they wanted to progress. 4. Why did most African Americans support U. S.participation in World War I? Was that support justified? Because they loved their country, and wanted to support their families. 6. Why did many black people leave the South in the 1920s? Why didn’t this migration begin earlier or later? Because they were not being treated fair. 2. What examples of progress could leaders like W. E. B. Du Bois, James Weldon Johnson, A. Philip Randolph, and Marcus Garvey point to in the 1920s? 3. Why did so many African-American leaders reject Marcus Garvey? Because he wanted them to go back to Africa and got close with Ku Klux Klan. 4. How did the black nationalism of the Universal Negro Improvement Association differ from the white nationalism of the Ku Klux Klan? Because they were not violent. 5. What economic opportunities existed for African Americans who had migrated to northern cities? 6. Why did the literary and artistic movement known as the Harlem Renaissance emerge? 7. What was distinctive about black writers, artists, and musicians? Were their creative works essentially a part of American culture or separate from it? 8. Did African Americans have any reason to be optimistic by the late 1 920s? 1 . Why did African Americans abandon their long association with the Republican Party in favor of the Democratic Party? Because African Americans felt like the democratic party share the same beliefs. 2. How did black radicalism influence Roosevelt’s New Deal policies and programs? 3. How did black people respond to and survive the Great Depression? How did the experiences of black women during the Depression reflect their race, class, and gender status? 1 . How did the Great Depression affect black culture? How did the WPA democratize black culture? How did black religious culture change during this era? It rapidly increases and had black support and establish an organization. 2. How did black artists, musicians, filmmakers, and writers negotiate the dilemma of dual consciousness as articulated by Du Bois? They knew that people had to be educated to make their dreams come true. The different talents that they had needed to be shared with the world and the way they could do that is understanding how, why, when and what message will people understand them or they dreams. This provided blacks with the opportunity to shine and show their talented. 3. How did swing-era big band music lead to bebop? What problems did the bebop musicians encounter? They were introduce to beats, It was not catching a lot of people attention. It was a culture change in Chicago and Harlem. The cities started a different age of music. Jazz and hip-hop dancing help create the renaissance in the two areas. 6. Why did black athletes become prominent during the1930s and 1940s? What was their impact on American.

Donating Blood

Imagine that your father had just suffered a heart attack, and has to go through open-heart surgery in order to repair the damage that happened to his heart. Imagine your little nephew or niece was born with a rare heart defect and had to have a daily transfusion of blood in order to have a chance to wake up the next day. Imagine that your best friend went to the doctor and had just been diagnosed with leukemia, a disease requiring regular platelet transfusions. These aren't very nice things to imagine about, are they?It is very sad and unfortunate, but these things happen all the time, you or someone you know may have experienced something like that already. People experience something like this every day. Most people would probably just expect that the hospital would have enough types of blood to give to the people who need it so that they can get better. But that is not the case. In these sad cases most people would feel or want to do anything that they can to help. There is one w ay everyone can help and that is by donating blood.Red blood cells, platelets, and plasma are some of the things people can donate and they are also very important to a person who needs them. These can help the person return to good health. Some of the types of people who would need a blood transfusion are patients that have gone through surgery, burn victims, accident victims, anemics, hemophiliacs, babies that are very sick, and people suffering from leukemia, cancer, kidney disease, and liver disease. Some really interesting facts about the blood donations and the need for blood is that about every three seconds there is someone in the world who needs blood.That’s more than forty thousand people who need blood every day. The demand for blood is constantly rising and sometimes a certain type of blood can be in short supply which can put lots of peoples lives in danger. Even if you just donate once, that will be enough to save several people. I myself have gone to a blood do nation clinic, but unfortunately I couldn't donate any blood because my temperature was too high, but I won't let that discourage me from re-scheduling another appointment at the American Red Cross blood.The set up that they had there was not what I had expected it to be. There have been a few blood drives at my school but I never donated blood. American red cross came about two times each school year around the middle of every semester. Everything was set up inside the gym with around a couple dozen of beds, where they make you lie down while they take your blood, spread around the basketball court. Sometimes they even brought the little camping trailers where you can go inside of it and they'll take your blood.The day before I had made my appointment online at 4:00 PM to donate platelets. When I walked in the American Red Cross clinic I thought it was going to be much bigger like the ones that were at my school gym but instead there were only about a dozen beds in a little area to the left of the entrance. I Started walking towards the area where everyone was donating at, but then I was stopped. A short Latino man with black hair around his forties came up to me and asked â€Å"Can I help you? †.Since it was my first time going somewhere to donate blood, I didn't know what to do. I thought that since I made an appointment at four that I would just be able to walk in, confirm that I was the one that had made the appointment, lie down on the bed, and they will take my blood, but I was gravely mistaken. As I was just standing there not knowing what to do I said to the man â€Å"Ummm yeah. I made an appointment online to donate platelets. † He asked me if I had a donors card and i replied no.Then after explaining to him that i have never given blood before so this was all new to me, he gave me a look like he finally understood why I was so clueless. Now that we were finally on the same page, the man asked for my drivers license so that I could prov e I am who I say I am. When i gave him my drivers license he went somewhere to another room. While he went to go do his thing, I was instructed to sit down and read a binder that looked at least 6 inches thick.I grabbed the binder from the table and just sat there looking at the front cover thinking to myself â€Å"They expect me to read everything thats in this huge binder? †. But when I opened it up, I was relieved to see only a few pages. As I finished reading about donating blood and the requirements, the man came back with my drivers license attached to a folder with a paper clip. I was asked if I was ready and I said yes. I was taken to this really small square room that almost made me feel closterfobic and then I was told to sit down.I took a seat and then he also sat down in a small desk in the corner of the room next to me. I was asked a few questions like my social security number, where I lived, do I have any diseases, my age, a whole bunch of questions. It felt li ke I was being interrogated. As he finally got done asking me all those questions, he told me that he needed to poke a little needle in my finger and get a small blood sample. As I was sitting there with my finger sticking out I saw him grab what looked like a small clicking pen.Then he started to put the end on the top of my finger. Suddenly he just clicked the pen, and I felt a little poke and my finger started bleeding. He wiped my finger with a small cotton ball and then grabbed a little square piece of glass and put in on my finger to get a small blood sample. After he told me I had enough iron in my blood to donate, now he had to take my temperature. I had to put a thermometer under my tongue for a few seconds until he grabbed it. One of the requirements for donating blood is you cannot donate if your temperature is over 99.5 F. When my temperature was taken I was only 2 percent away from meeting the requirements, which means my temperature was 99. 7 F. I was told I couldn't d onate which made me a little disappointed. I told him I would reschedule again some other time. In my one day that I went to the American red cross building I learned a lot of new things and how I can help save peoples lives. I will definitely be making another appointment soon and ill keep making an appointment as much as I can.

Brueggemanns Bridge Between Form Criticism of The Psalms, Theology and Spirituality Theology Religion

‘Form Criticism' of the Psalms has been around for less than a hundred years. Prior to 1920's study use of the Psalms was pretty much limited to a ‘historical-critical' approach and a ‘Christological' approach. That is Ââ€" the establishing of who wrote what and why and the reading of psalms within the context of ‘Christ', respectively. To fully appreciate how Brueggemann builds these bridges between form criticism, theology and spirituality we will first look at a basic understanding of the foundations of form criticism onto which Brueggemann offered his new schema. Secondly we shall look at Brueggemann's schema and how he builds and develops these bridges into theology and spirituality. Finally we shall be reflecting on ‘Christian spirituality' That is; we shall be reflecting on how this schema helps us in our engagement with secular spirituality with particular reference to the area of ‘urban hip-hop' and ‘new punk'. I am basing my understanding and f ramework of spirituality on the work of Bob Mayo in his work ‘Making Sense of Generation Y' (2006). In it he proposes that spirituality can be understood in two ways Ââ€" Formative spirituality; that is a level of spiritual understanding and awareness that everyone is born with and everyone has. And secondly transformative spirituality; that is a level of spiritual understanding and awareness that builds on formative spirituality into having a personal and communal outworking. And so in answering ‘How does Brueggemann build bridges between form criticism of the Psalms, theology and spirituality?' I shall be addressing spirituality in a Christian transformative understanding and from a secular formative spirituality understanding. THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORM CRITICISM As stated earlier it wasn't until the 1920's and the work of Hermann Gunkel, and his student Sigmund Mowinkel, that form criticism really started. Gunkel and Mowinkel observed that the Psalms only really had a very limited framework of approaches and styles Ââ€" The Hymn, Communal Lament, Individual Lament, Royal Psalms and Individual Thanksgiving. Further work identified five further, less common categories of Psalm Ââ€" Communal Thanksgiving, Wisdom, Pilgrimage, Entrance Liturgies and finally Mixed Poems .

Jack Welch leadership principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jack Welch leadership principles - Assignment Example On the other hand, situation theory assets that leaders makes the best decision depending on the situation on the ground whereby, different leadership may be adopted in different situations. Contingency theory asserts that there is no one style of leadership can suit in all situations because different situation may call for different leadership styles (Cherry, 2013). Trait theory asserts that, to be a leader one should possess some special leadership qualities that can help to influence, inspire and motivate others towards meeting the goals and objectives of an organization (Wolinsiki, 2010). In addition, management theory asserts that a leader should be able to supervise and motivate team members by rewarding them accordingly for better performance. Human relation theory asserts that a leader should be able to inspire and motivate members to see the significance of better outcomes. In above connection, participation theory involves encouraging top, middle and lower level employees to participate in decision making process (Cherry, 2013). Therefore, to be efficient and effective, a leader should possess some special traits. This study will put forth the most recent professional roles that one should possess as a leader and principles considered as strength. The study will further explain the impact of this principle to a leader and how those pri nciples considered as strength relate to aspects of emotional intelligence. Additionally, the study will explain specific steps to be employed in order to boast strengths as well as improve areas of development as a leader. Most recent aspects of my professional leadership role and principles strength The most recent aspects of professional leadership include; formulating plans, acting as representative of the entire organization, integrating individual and organization goals, soliciting support, acting as a guide as well communication role. This means that a leader has a role making plans on what to be done in order to avoid confusion and ensure seamless operations within an organization (Cameron & Green, 2008). Additionally, a leader should formulate policies that act as a guide to his or her followers when implementing organization plans. This may help employees to have emotional preparedness on what they are expected to do. In above connection, a leader has a professional role o f representing departments and entire organization inside and outside the organization. For example, during leadership seminars a leader should represents the entire organization. Leaders should communicate the objectives and the needs of the entire organization to the employees and other corporate entities. As a leader one should play the role of integrating employees’ personal goals towards implementing organization goals. In above connection, a leader should play the role of soliciting employees in lower levels of management to participate in corporate decision making (Cameron & Green, 2008). Additionally, a leader has a role of communicating organization goals to all employees as well as ensuring there is proper flow of information within all relevant departments. In addition, a leader plays a professional role of practicing three main leadership traits namely: sharing employees feeling, listening to their opinions as well as providing them with a

Leadership DQ 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership DQ 2 - Essay Example This is an attitude that needs to spread in order for businesses to remain successful in the new economy. A new leadership criterion is something that is somehow easy to understand but shows some of the loop holes if not managed properly. It is hard to deliver the same idea of management to all employees. Some will insist in continuing to manage as they always have. The ideology teaches that collaborative leadership is an art of trust between coworkers, even if they work quite differently from each other. It may be that each one has to share the control of their authorities as these business relationships are beyond boundaries (Archer & Cameron, 2009). Yet, it is possible for diversity to co-exist. This brings a deeper understanding of the term ‘team work’ and justifies efforts to promote tolerance. LITERATURE RIVIEW: Different theories have different approaches and perspectives but it is never easy to implement them practically within business relationships. Implementat ion of these concepts can be quite difficult. Supposedly, as consultant, the Block’s Flawless Consulting Phases would provide the best way to deal with and win a business client peacefully. This theory is based on five phases which is a systematic approach to deal a client: Registration of a client and contracting a client. Discovery of the real issue and a thorough discussion. Getting a feedback and a final decision to act. Implementation of the possibilities and engagement. Extension to a workable solution, revision or terminating a task if not workable. All these steps are according to a natural phenomenon of human behavior. Using a scientific approach is supposed to improve the chances of success. Block explains that consultation is done when a client has a second option and a consultant has no direct authorities to implement the solutions until and unless a client wishes for something else (Block, 2011). According to the Leaderful Field Book, collective judgments and col laborative approach can often end up with disagreements among qualified managers which could lead to other indirect problems. Though a thorough examination and scrutiny of a case could be done on different levels, but at the time of deciding a solution, all hard work could be wasted in the absence of a single agreement. PHENOMENON OF RESISTANCE: The phenomenon of resistance tells that it is unlikely for a mass of people to agree upon the proposed deal or idea presented. This concept can be witnessed in almost every organization, but the most important part is figuring out how to deal with this phenomenon in order to produce the best possible outcomes. Some administrations are not flexible enough to absorb the resistance of their own workers. They often announce that critical measures will be taken if they do not receive a majority votes in favor. Here comes the role of managers. It is their duty to control the situation and stop it from getting worst. Both dialogue and patience can bring a brilliant outcome. Managers should think collectively and view the real problems regarding all sides. They must consider the perceptions of both administration and the employees and try to give the solution while supporting their decisions with facts and figures. In this process, patience counts for a lot, as any furious reaction can collapse the whole structure of a system. Sometimes it is valuable to think positively in consideration of the workers and acknowledge that they are the

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 27

Analysis - Essay Example Whereas, K12 learners are comparatively passive and they trust the instructor’s ideas unconditionally (Lc.unsw.edu.au, 2015).Working adults are focused upon evaluation and need practical application upon the topic being taught but evaluation and high level practical approach is not the need of K12 learners. However, both focus upon learning and enhancing their abilities and skills. Bloom’s taxonomy consists of six different stages which are (starting from lowest to highest) knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis synthesis and evaluation (Metro, 2015). According to the needs identified above Bloom’s taxonomy can be used by focusing more upon knowledge, comprehension and application than analysis, synthesis and evaluation, vice versa for higher studies learners (Tech, 2015). For example while teaching Newton’s three laws of motion the school learners should be able to recite three laws of motion (knowledge), explain three laws of motion in their own words (comprehension) and be able to calculate the kinetic energy of a projectile (application). Whereas higher studies students along with this should be able to differentiate between potential and kinetic energy (analysis), design the problem dealing with the conservation of energy (synthesis) and determine whether using conservation of energy or conservation of momentum would be more appropriate for solving a dynamic problem (evaluation). (Tech, 2015)I consider myself a lifelong learner. My instructional needs include clear, concrete communication with a practical approach.   Lc.unsw.edu.au,. (2015).  Differences Between High School and Uni >> First Steps: A Beginners Guide to Uni >> The Learning Centre UNSW. Retrieved 23 January 2015, from http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/firststeps/differ.html Metro, k. (2015).  Writing Objectives Using Blooms Taxonomy | The Center for Teaching and Learning | UNC Charlotte.  Teaching.uncc.edu. Retrieved 23

Issues Relating to Arbitration in Outsourcing Contracts Essay

Issues Relating to Arbitration in Outsourcing Contracts - Essay Example The essay "Issues Relating to Arbitration in Outsourcing Contracts" aims to find out how a foreign arbitral award can be implemented or get annulled by Indian courts. The Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996- section 48 deals with the stipulations for the implementation of foreign awards in India. The reasons for refusal to implement a foreign award in India are that of analogs to the New York Convention. As per section 48 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1966 of India, the ground for setting aside for a foreign arbitral award would be any of the following: †¢ If a party to the contract was under some incapability; or †¢ Under the governing law, if the arbitration agreement was not valid; †¢ No proper notice of either the arbitral proceedings or the appointment of the arbitrator was given to any of the parties; †¢ If the award exceeds its scope of the submission; †¢ If the award is pertaining to a dispute not agreed by or not falling within the purview of the subject matter of the arbitration. †¢ If the arbitral procedure or the composition of the arbitral tribunal was not in tune with the consent of the parties; †¢ Arbitration process may not be used for arriving at a conclusion as the subject matter of arbitration is so grave; †¢ Where the arbitral award is against the public policy of India. It is to be noted that even if a nation is a signatory to the New York Convention, it doesn't automatically connote that an arbitral award passed in such a nation would be enforceable in India.

The Role of Mother Tongues in Second Language Learning Essay

The Role of Mother Tongues in Second Language Learning - Essay Example The impact of first language on second language can bring problems especially in intercultural communication where the speakers use a lingua franca such as English or another language, hence causing misunderstandings and problems in communication. This research will look at how second language is acquired with a close look at the impact of the first language on second language learning. Literature Review/Discussion Second language is any language that a person learns in addition to his/her first language. The term can also be used to refer to learning a third, fourth and subsequent languages. Second language acquisition is therefore the process in which people or learners study that language. Errors made by second language learners have been proved to originate from the speech of their first language by majority of linguists. This occurs as a result of influence of the first language commonly known as language transfer. The errors are mostly lexical or phonological. The learners†™ mother tongue influences the way the second language vocabulary is learnt and recalled for use. Learners at their disposal compensate their lack of knowledge by constructing difficult lexical items that are characterized with errors emanating from their first language. ... What happens in the classroom, for example, is greatly attributed to the social needs of both teachers and learners. According to Chomsky, human beings are endowed with the capability to acquire any language in the world since learning a language involves learning its rules. The rules are systematic for every language though learners make mistakes in the process. These mistakes have been attributed to mother tongue interference. This paper will also look at how mother tongue can enhance or hamper a learner who is using the vocabulary of a second language. This usually happens when a learner acquires a new vocabulary, when he/she is attempting to remember the already leant vocabulary or in the process of constructing a complex lexical item that has not been learnt. Comparison between Languages Different languages construct meanings in different ways and the equivalents only exist depending on what is exactly meant. Though different speakers tend to divide themselves from others, the c onceptualization of some lexical items remains the same. For example, the term dressing is conceived the same by various speakers, a term that generally serves all clothing including shoes, jewellery, glasses among others. Differences in conceptual organization can be as a result of ways in which words are assigned to parts of speech. For instance, Japanese equivalents of English are mostly nouns and verbs. Lado (103) notes that elements that are similar in the fist and second languages will be simple for the learner to grasp. On the other hand, those that have no correspondence will be more difficult to learn. Cross Linguistic Influence and Ease or Difficulty of Learning There are a

Finance Derivatives and Risk- bonus to writer is a guarantee Essay

Finance Derivatives and Risk- bonus to writer is a guarantee - Essay Example In this method he obtains a guaranteed fixed cost of his produce. In broad sense, hedgers make use of future for protection in opposition to unfavourable future cost actions in the underlying money commodity. Hedgers are frequently traders, or persons, who at one point or a further contract in the fundamental money commodity. One of the examples for this situation is that: A Hedger disburses more to the merchant or farmer of a manufacture if its costs escalate. For guard in opposition to higher costs of the manufacture, he hedges the risk or danger exposure by purchasing an adequate amount of future agreements of the manufacture to cover the quantity of manufacture he anticipates to purchase. In view of the fact that money and future costs do be inclined to shift in tandem, the futures place will income if the cost of the manufacture rise sufficient to counterbalance money loss on the manufacture. Speculators are the person who acts like a middle man. They are under no circumstances interested in real owing the goods. They will purchase from one point and put up for sale it to the other point in expectation of future cost actions. They really bet on the potential movement in the cost of an asset. They are the one the second main grouping of futures group of actors (players). These contestants consist of self-governing floor dealers and investors. They hold trade for their private patrons or brokerage companies. Purchasing a futures agreement in expectation of cost enlarges is recognized as ‘going long’. And at the same time Selling a futures agreement in expectation of a cost diminishes is identified as ‘going short’. Speculative involvement in futures dealing has enlarged by way of the accessibility of alternative means of involvement. If the dealer’s judgement is excellent, he can construct more cash

WHAt is a documentary film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WHAt is a documentary film - Essay Example Grierson essentially defined a documentary as â€Å"Creative treatment of actuality.† This paper describes aspects that can be used to distinguish a documentary film. One major factor distinguishing documentary films is their actuality and the fact that they are not scripted. However, some documentaries may be acted ones, used to depict or make the audience visualize and understand how an event may have happened. Documentary film is prepared with a purpose relevant to the audience and is intended to make a difference on their understanding about the subject matter (Nichols, 1992, p. 5-6; Nichols, 2001, p. 1-5). A documentary could be based on a variety of themes, which in clued, morality, politics, aesthetic, or other subjects but must be informative and realistic. Modern day documentaries tend to overlap with other types of films due to invention of reality television where the documentaries appear to have some sense of fictional content (Renov, 2004, p.5-10; Winston, 1995, p. 8-11) A documentary is a type of a film that attempts to document happenings and tries to make them not lose their realism. A number of feature are used in discern a documentary from other films and include the role , the narrative strategy, the actuality of the film, neutrality, the subject matter, and the factual way in which the ideas are

University-industry research relationships Essay Example for Free

University-industry research relationships Essay The growth of university-industry research relationships in biotechnology has raised questions concerning their effects, both positive and negative, on universities. A survey of over 1200 faculty members at 40 major universities in the United States reveals that biotechnology researchers with industrial support publish at higher rates, patent more frequently, participate in more administrative and professional activities and earn more than colleagues without such support. At the same time, faculty with industry funds are much more likely than other biotechnology faculty to report that their research has resulted in trade secrets and that commercial considerations have influenced their choice of research projects. Although the data do not establish a causal connection between industrial support and these faculty behaviors, our findings strongly suggest that university-industry research relationships have both benefits and risks for academic institutions. The challenge for universities is to find ways to manage these relationships that will preserve the benefits while minimizing the risks. Industrial support of university research in biotechnology A 1984 study of biotechnology companies reveals that nearly one-half of all such firms fund research in universities. Industry may support as much as one-quarter of all biotechnology research in institutions of higher education. These investments seem to be yielding substantial benefits to involved firms. Per dollar invested, university research is generating more patent applications than is other company research. Research relationships do pose some risks to traditional university values such as openness of communication among scholars. These risks may be greater in relationships involving small firms. The data also reveal that government is now, and seems likely to remain, the principal source of support for university research in biotechnology.

Theory Of Self And Self Concept Essay Example for Free

Theory Of Self And Self Concept Essay Karen Horney formulated a theory of neurotic needs which is central to the understanding of the development of personality (Paris, 1994). Horney developed her assumptions from experience as a psychotherapist and falls under the psychoanalytic tradition in the sense that she emphasized childhood experiences influenced how adults develop their own personal constructs. She said that basic anxiety as perceived by the child in relation to its feelings of alienation and helplessness with his/her relationship with his/her parents motivates the child to develop various strategies to cope with these feelings of isolation and helplessness (Horney, 1950). When the child has to resort to these strategies in a regular manner, then these strategies may become more or less permanent fixtures of personality. In her early writings Horney identified ten neurotic needs that a person utilizes to find solutions to its problems and anxiety, these were then categorized as falling under moving towards people, moving away from people and moving against from people (Paris, 1994). Furthermore, Horney believed that any of these three orientations can be assumed by the person as a way of life and hence influence his/her relationships with other people. These orientations are the source of inner conflict in the sense that the person develops an unrealistic conception of the self and tries to live up to that idealized self. The normal person could resolve these neurotic needs easily because they have a stronger sense of self. Horney also developed a theory of self wherein the self defined the person’s ability to become well integrated or to become neurotic (Quinn, 1987). For Horney, the self is the core of a persons being, it is seen as the driving force behind the persons ability to transcend its existence in relation to other people. If a person has an accurate concept of the self then he/she does not need to resort to neurotic needs and he/she is more attuned to the realization of personal potentials. On the other hand, the neurotic is handicapped by the conflicting despised self and idealized self. To the neurotic, the self is divided into two opposing forces the despised personal characteristics that we believe we have based on other people’s perception of us and the personal traits that we lack and strive to live up to. The neurotic self is pulled by these two forces at the same time and is referred to as the tyranny of the shoulds and neurotic striving for glory. While the person fluctuates between hating themselves and pretending they are perfect, they become estranged from their true core and thus fail to realize their potentials. Carl Rogers (1959) of the humanistic tradition is well known for his person-centered theory that has become one of the most influential methods of psychotherapy. Rogers emphasized that the key to a person’s development of personality is how he/she forms his/her self-concept. The self-concept refers to the ideas and perceptions that the individual has about his/her self and is manifested through his/her experiences of â€Å"I† and â€Å"me† (Kahn, 1996). Moreover, the self-concept is not only affected by the how the person evaluates his/her self in relation to the real world but it also dictates how that person behaves towards that world. Thus, a person who believes him/her self to be strong and powerful will behave differently from someone who believes that he/she is weak and helpless. It is a normal tendency for man to behave according to their self-concept and evaluates his/her experience as congruent or incongruent to his/her self-concept. Any inconsistencies between the person’s experience and his/her self-concept will cause anxiety and the person then tries to deal with this anxiety by denying the incongruence which would then become a way of life and lead to maladjustment (Ford, 1991). Rogers also identified the ideal self as the kind of person that we wish and strive to become, the more similar the real self is to the ideal self, the better adjusted the person is. On the other hand, if the discrepancy between the ideal self and the real self is wide then the person will become unhappy and dissatisfied. Horney and Rogers both developed a theory of self from two opposing perspectives, while they may share similar views on their theoretical discussions of the self, they also differ considerably in several points. Horney and Rogers both defined the self as the core of a person’s being and personality. The development of the self was seen as the product of the person’s experience and his/her evaluation of that experience in relation to his/her feelings and perceptions of his/her self. This indicates that the self is an important construct that each person subscribes to and is later shaped through external and internal influences. Thus, the self is affected by how other people relate to us and how we define who we are. In spite of this similarity, Horney and Rogers differed in how the self influences the development of maladjustment and neurosis. To Horney, the self is torn between the despised self and the idealized self while Rogers believed that the inconsistencies between the behaviors of the person and how he/she perceives him/her self would lead to maladjustment. Moreover, to Horney the idealized self has a negative connotation in that it is a set of beliefs about the self that a person should live up to but fails to because it is impossible to attain. Rogers has a more positive treatment of the ideal self, to Rogers the ideal self represents the qualities and personal traits that we wish and strive to become, and the person continues to work towards this ideal self and that it is attainable. Despite this difference, both Horney and Rogers believed that the self is capable of realizing its potentials, to Horney if a person is healthy, he/she would be free to seek to develop his/her potentials, and Rogers believed that the self is constantly in the process of self-actualization. Horney and Rogers both developed their theory of the self from their professional practice, however, Horney came to it as a byproduct of her theory on neurotic needs while Rogers observed during psychotherapy that clients always referred to the self and hence he deduced that the self was of prime importance. Horney was one of the first to identify the self as central to the development of personality and neurosis. However, Horney emphasized that without a strong sense of self the person will be consumed by his/her neurotic needs corresponding to the person’s self-image. While Roger’s conception of the self and the self-concept positively impacts how a person behaves towards other people and his/her world. This means that Roger’s felt that the self is very real and that we are constantly in touch with who we are while to Horney, the normal person has a more real self than the neurotic one. Furthermore, the neurotic self can only resolve its anxieties by becoming integrated as a person and by identifying and controlling behaviors that are motivated by neurotic needs. This is quite similar to how Rogers explained that a person who is maladjusted has only to be able to believe in his self and to identify the discrepancy within his/her self-concept and his/her actions. References Ford, J. (1991). Rogerss theory of personality: Review and perspectives. In A. Jones R. Crandall (Eds.), Handbook of self-actualization. [Special Issue]. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6(5), 19-44. Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and Human Growth: The Struggle Toward Self-Realization. New York, WW Norton. Kahn, E. (1996). The intersubjective perspective and the client-centered approach: Are they one at their core? Psychotherapy, 33, 30-42. Paris, B. (1994). Karen Horney: A Psychoanalysts Search for Self-understanding. New Haven: Yale University Press.   Quinn, S. (1987).   Mind of Her Own: the Life of Karen Horney. New York: Summit Books.   Rogers, C. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships, as developed in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (ed.). Psychology: A study of science. (pp. 184-256). New York: McGraw Hill.

Nestle: A marketing analysis

Nestle: A marketing analysis Nestlà © is the worlds leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness company (Nestlà © SA, 2010). As the worlds leading food company, Nestlà © is dedicated to provide the best nourishment to people throughout their lives by understanding consumer needs and meeting those needs through its global resources. Nestlà © has grown to become the worlds largest food company providing more than 8,500 brands and 10,000 products. Nestlà © has more than 456 factories spread over 80 countries with its headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland and employs more than 283,000 people. The founder for Nestlà © Group was a Swiss chemist known as Henri Nestlà ©. It started when there was a high infant mortality in Europe due to malnutrition, where Henri began experimenting with nutritious food supplements to overcome the situation. During 1867, Henris first success was the development of milk food supplement which had helped a premature infant who was unable to accept his mothers milk or other conventional substitute. The product was then marketed throughout Europe which was known as Farine Lactà ©e Nestlà ©. Henri Nestlà © adopted his own coat of arms as a trademark in 1867 known as Nestlà © which means little nest translated from German, and the now-famous symbol is universally understood as it represents nurturing, caring, security, nourishment and family bonding. These attributes are still the guiding legacy for the company as it fulfills its commitment to Good Food, Good Life. During 1905, Nestlà © Company merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Compan y, the first condensed milk factory which opened in Switzerland during 1866. In 1904, Nestlà © entered into milk chocolate business when Peter Kohler Swiss General Chocolate Company produced milk chocolate under Nestlà ©s trademark and the company then joined Nestlà © Group in 1929. Nestlà © grew and diversified its range of products, through acquisition and mergers with well known brands. Nestlà © started in Malaysia during 1912 as the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in Penang. The growth and expansion made a move to Kuala Lumpur during 1939 and with its first factory located in Petaling Jaya in 1962. Now, Nestlà © Malaysia manufactures its product in 7 factories and operates from its head office in Mutiara Damansara with six other sales offices nationwide. The company was public listed on KLSE during 13 December 1989. Today, the company employs 5000 people and markets more than 300 Halal products in Malaysia such as Milo, Nescafe, Maggi, Kit-Kat, Nesvita and etc. Nestlà © Company still adheres to its founders beliefs and principles providing the best products for every individual. (Source: nestle.com.my) SITUATION ANALYSIS Market Summary The soft drink industry consists of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing non-alcoholic beverages in the form of carbonated and non-carbonated. These drinks are normally consumed while it is cold. Carbonated drinks are drinks that contain gassy and fizzy feeling while drinking such as soda, cola and many more where as non-carbonated are drinks which do not contain gases such as fruit juices, yogurt drink, cordial, and etc. In the Malaysia market, soft drink industry has been growing continuously for 5 consecutive years since 2002 (Loh, 2009). In fact, there are a certain amount of consumers who really enjoys soft drinks as they are cold and refreshing for a hot climate country. Most consumers are normally children and young adults due to their active lifestyle. According to the report entitled Soft Drinks in Malaysia to 2012 by Research and Markets, it states that the market for soft drinks had increased from 2002 to 2007 with a growing annual average rate of 5.7% (Asia Food Journal, 2009). However, there has been a decline in the sales of carbonates, functional drinks, concentrates and ready-to-drink (RTD) teas where this trend can be deduced from the growing health awareness which encourages a stronger demand for healthier beverages (Loh, 2009). The consumer market has not changed their main taste in carbonates. However, seeking for alternative and healthier choices is getting popular. In the forecast from 2008 to 2012, there will be a continuing but slower progress in the soft drinks industry in terms of quantitative and qualitative sales where the trend is inclining towards healthier drinks that include low-calories and low-sugar products in natural and healthier form such as fruit or vegetable juice (Loh, 2009). Furthermore, the consumption of soft drinks is also a fairly high consumable product in the market as Malaysia is an Islamic country and therefore the consumption of alcohol per capita is low as Muslims do not consume alcohol (Malaysia Food Drink Report Q3, 2008). Target Market The target market for Nestlà ©s soft drink products focuses more to a healthier drink and a target group that ranges from children to adults depending on the type of drinks. For instance, Yoco Cultured Drink targets more to the children segment, RTD Milo in UHT targets more on children to young adults segment, RTD Milo canned and RTD Nescafe targets more on young adults segment and Nestlà © Bliss Yogurt Drink are more to young adults to adults segment. In addition, target customers who purchase these products often prefer convenience as these drinks are ready to be consumed straight away. Market Attractiveness Global uncertainties had brought an impact to Nestlà © performance. Although with the tough economic environment that Nestlà © Malaysia faces, the Nestlà ©s management group took actions to help ensure the company delivers a strong performance reaching a double digit growth of 13.5% together with a total sales turnover of RM3.9 billion in 2008 (Nestlà © Corporate Report, 2008). Nestlà © has also made a move towards the expansion of Popular Positioned Product (PPP) which offers Malaysians nutritionally balanced products at affordable prices (Nestlà © Creating Shared Value Report, 2008). Still, there is also strong competition in the soft drinks industry that has contributed to challenges in terms of price due to economic factors. Furthermore, strong companies like FN Sdn Bhd and Pemanis Sdn Bhd have higher awareness in this industry as they focuses mainly on soft drinks. In fact, this industry is seemingly non-attractive for new entrants as there are many companies plus strong existing companies in this segment. However, Nestlà © only focuses on drinks which benefits health and wellness of the people and has a competitive differentiation as consumers nowadays are seeking for healthier alternatives. In terms of political factor, Nestlà © shares the concern of the Ministry of Health on the state of the nations health such as supporting the efforts of the National Plan of Action for Nutrition Malaysia II (NPANM II) to address health issues related to nutrition affecting Malaysians (Nestlà © Creating Shared Value Report, 2008). Nestlà © also focused on the Centre of Excellence for Halal in Malaysia that offers Halal products which has gained even more ground and importance not only in the local market but also the export market (Nestlà © Creating Shared Value Report, 2008). According to The Star, Nestlà © Malaysia expects its out-of-home food and beverage market to double to RM7.84bil in five years as Malaysians spend more money eating out which is known to be a social trend. The companys out-of-home market was 35% from the current share of RM11.2bil due to increasing number of partnerships the company had and an increasing amount of people eating out (The Star, 2009). Besides that, Nestlà © Malaysia also placed an importance and is committed towards environmental issues by practicing to preserve natural resources and minimise waste (Nestlà © Creating Shared Value Report, 2008) where Nestlà © has come up with Nestlà © Environmental Management System (NEMS) which is to improve management cycle and manages the companys environmental performance in alignment with the requirements of international standard ISO14001:2004. Positioning In response to the current consumers need for health, nutrition, convenience and well-being, Nestlà © had positioned its products by providing a full range of clarified nutritional balanced products that are trusted brands among the Malaysians. Differential Advantage Nestlà © Malaysia has a certain differential advantage especially in terms of providing healthier and trusted brands as it has existed for a long period of time in the Malaysia market. For instance, Nestlà © received a positive feedback from consumers by offering full range of drinks product with No Artificial Colouring in conjunction with Some Things are Best Left Natural campaign (Nestlà © Corporate Report, 2008). Nestlà © Malaysias credibility and positioning as the Centre of Excellence for Halal within the Nestlà © group has gained importance by successfully launching wide range of Halal products as these products are not only being marketed locally but also to the export market (Nestlà © Corporate Report, 2008). Besides, these products have gained trust and confidence among the Muslim consumers (Nestlà © Creating Shared Value Report, 2008). Due to increasing out-of-home food and beverage market, Nestlà © has also evolved the Food Services Business Unit into Nestlà © Pro fessional to manage business globally for independent business that caters for the needs of out-of-home operators which ranges from five-star hotels to mamak stalls (The Star, 2009) where the company focuses on consistency in the market. This will also be an added advantage for the companys long-term, profitable growth as it aims to be an inspiring growth partner by delivering creative and branded solution that will enable operators to operate and create customer satisfaction. Furthermore, Nestlà © has also launched a range of products known as Popularly Positioned Products (PPP) in 2008 by providing products at an affordable price range to consumers (Nestlà © Creating Shared Value Report, 2008) to be price competitive in the market and at the same time providing quality products to consumers. The Microenvironment Competitors The soft drink industry in the Malaysia market faces many competition and challenges. Among the few soft drink manufacturers in Malaysia are FN Sdn Bhd, Pemanis Sdn Bhd, Yeo Hiap Seng (M) Bhd, Malaysia Milk Sdn Bhd, Lam Soon (M) Sdn Bhd, Pokka Ace Sdn Bhd, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd and etc. One of the leading soft drink manufacturers in Malaysia is FN Sdn Bhd (Asia Food Journal, 2009) where the main product for FN Sdn Bhd in Malaysia is Coca-Cola which is known to be the leading soft drink brand around the world and ranked first in the Best Global Brand 2000-2009 (Interbrand, 2010). Furthermore, FN Sdn Bhd also produces the main selling isotonic drink which is 100Plus. However, the direct competitions faced by Nestlà © Malaysia are as stated in the table where these competitors are known to have product which have similarity in relation to Nestlà ©s beverage product. Product Nestlà ©s product Competitors Competitors product Chocolate malt drink Milo Maestro Swiss Corporation (M) Sdn Bhd Vico RTD coffee Nescafe (canned) Pokka Ace Sdn Bhd Pokka (canned) Yogurt drink Nestlà © Bliss Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd Dutch Lady Yogurt Drink Cultured drink Yoco Malaysia Milk Sdn Bhd MDD (M) Sdn Bhd Vitagen Nutrigen Soya bean milk Nestiva FN Sdn Bhd Yeo Hiap Seng (M) Bhd Lam Soon (M) Bhd Seasons Yeos Drinho (Source: Malaysia Food and Beverage Directory Online) Distributors Nestlà © distributes its product through its National Distribution Centre to its wholesalers and retailers like Giant, Tesco, Carrefour, Jusco, KK Supermarket, 7-Eleven, 99-Speedmart and many more which will then be sold to end users. (Source: Nestlà © Report, 2008; Giant Hypermarket Shah Alam; Tesco Hypermarket Shah Alam; Carrefour Subang Jaya; Jusco Bukit Tinggi, Klang; KK Supermarket Section 9, Shah Alam; 7-Eleven Section 9, Shan Alam; 99-Speedmart Section 25, Shah Alam) Suppliers In order for Nestlà © to produce its product, materials such as packaging and ingredients are obtained through trustworthy suppliers. Furthermore, it is very challenging for Nestlà © Malaysia to ensure a steady supply of material at competitive cost. Nestlà © Malaysia currently has about a total of 150 suppliers which include 40 that are local companies and these 40 local companies supply and contribute only 10% of its raw materials and ingredients to Nestlà © Malaysia (hdcglobal.com, 2009). SWOT Analysis (Source: Malaysia Food Drinks Report Q3 2008) Strengths One of the strongest and well known brand names in the market An immensely dominant parent company in Malaysia as it is one of the most important Asian markets to ensure the subsidiary continues to receive investment funds Acts as an important regional hub in Malaysia and as such production facilities remain revolutionary Weaknesses Price-sensitive Malaysian consumers limit strong growth opportunities at the ultra-premium end of the market Consumer preference for fresh foods brings a large challenge towards the processed product portfolio Opportunities Having Malaysia established as its Global Centre for Halal Excellence where it is on the edge to capitalise on growth in this global industry as Halal foods have contributed particularly strongly in Nestlà © Malaysia export growth Regional health and hygiene scares have led to increased interest in processed foods, especially from an established and recognised manufacturer Healthier option of instant food exploit consumer interest in the fields of convenience and healthy-living Threats Continue to feel its margins pressurized by increasing commodity expenditure and a desire to maintain consumer loyalty by keeping prices low Marketing Mix Product Canned Drinks Milo Grab N Go (Original, Mocha, Hi-Cal) Nescafe (Black Roast, Original, Mocha, Latte, Ice) UHT(Tetra Pak) Milo Nesvita Soya Bean Milk (Original, Calcium, Honey, Aloe Vera, Gula Melaka) Cultured Drinks Nestlà © Yoco (Strawberry, Orange, Blackcurrant, Mixed Fruits) Yogurt Drinks Nestlà © Bliss (Orange, Strawberry, Kiwi, Guava, Blackcurrant, Mango, Tropical Fruit, Passion Fruit Orange, Apple Kiwi, Lime Cucumber) (Source: nestle.com.my) Price Product Price Milo Grab N Go (canned) RM1.40 (Original 240mL), RM1.61(Hi-Cal 240mL), RM1.69 (Mocha 240mL) Milo (UHT) RM4.29 (1.0L), RM7.29 (6 x 250mL), RM3.73 (4 x 125mL) Nescafe (canned) RM1.69 (240mL), RM9.39 (6 x 240mL) Nestiva (UHT) RM5.89 (6 x 250mL) Nestlà © Yoco RM3.49 (5 x 120g) Nestlà © Bliss RM4.19 (750g), RM1.99 (300g), RM4.19 (5 x 125g) (Source: Tesco Hypermarket Shah Alam) Place Nestlà © produces its products in 7 factories and will then distribute its product through its National Distribution Centre to its retailers like hypermarket and supermarket such as Giant, Tesco, Carrefour, Jusco, KK Supermarket and convenience stores such as 7-Eleven, 99-Speedmart and many more which will then be sold to consumers which is available throughout the whole nationwide of Malaysia. (Source: Nestlà © Report 2008; Giant Hypermarket Shah Alam; Tesco Hypermarket Shah Alam; Carrefour Subang Jaya; Jusco Bukit Tinggi, Klang; KK Supermarket Section 9, Shah Alam; 7-Eleven Section 9, Shan Alam; 99-Speedmart Section 25, Shah Alam) Promotion Nestlà © Malaysia has done all sorts of promotions in order to promote their products such as by holding events, sampling, consumer contests, advertising, offering lower prices for their products and many more to attract customers into purchasing their brand. (Source: Nestlà © Creating Shared Value Report 2008; Nestlà © Corporate Report 2008) People Since 1912, Nestlà © has built the trust among Malaysian consumers through its variety of products which are now well-known household brands. According to the Corporate Brand Monitor Study conducted by Nestle during 2008, the first company that came into mind was Nestlà © when being asked to think about food and beverage companies (Nestlà © Creating Shared Value Report, 2008). In 2008, there was a significant increase towards the awareness of Nestlà © among the consumers in the Nestlà © database. A majority of those surveyed have a good impression of the company (Nestlà © Creating Shared Value Report, 2008). In Nestlà © Malaysia, it is important for employees to contribute towards their corporate vision which is the leading reference company in Nutrition, Health and Wellness. Nestlà © believes that a healthy workforce can contribute to happy employees and improve productivity (Nestlà © Creating Shared Value Report, 2008). According to the Organisational Climate survey conducted by Nestlà © during 2007, the company is known to be the preferred benchmark against other High Performing Global Companies with a participation rate of 91% (Nestlà © Creating Shared Value Report, 2008). Process Consumers can easily purchase Nestlà © drinks products from Nestlà © distributors such as hypermarkets, convenience stores and etc to obtain the products. Physical evidence The beverages size ranges are as stated below: Product Size Milo Grab N Go (canned) 240mL Milo (UHT) 125mL, 250mL, 1.0L Nescafe (canned) 240mL Nesvita (UHT) 250mL Nestlà © Yoco 120g Nestlà © Bliss 125g, 300g, 750g (Source: As printed on the packet of the drinks) (Source: product images taken from nestle.com.my) MARKETING STRATEGY Objective To create brand awareness for new and current product To create satisfied customers towards product and services To increase extra sales profit for the company Ansoff Matrix Existing Product New Product Existing Market Market Penetration Price making price affordable for this product Promotion having free samples and creating added value for customers Place making product available and accessible Product Development Product creating an addition new product for the drinks segment New Market Market Development People creating a wider target market Diversification Product Development (creating a new beverage product for Nestlà ©) Product: A new product will be created as an addition to Nestlà © drinks segment in the existing market. This product created will be a fruit drink called NesFruits which is a healthier alternative of fruit drink that will be available in the market as it contains less sugar and also no artificial colouring and flavouring is added into the drink. Creating a healthier alternative drink will help boost up company sales as consumer are more health conscious nowadays and want more choices and options while they seek healthier alternative in drinks due to the increasing numbers of illnesses that is arising with unhealthy lifestyle. Market Penetration (penetrating to competitors market) Price: This new drink will be priced at an affordable price and placed in the market under the Popularly Positioned Product (PPP) by the company in conjunction with available ongoing promotions where customers always like their products with quality and within an affordable range for them to purchase. Promotion: This drink will be placed under promotion by giving out free sampling with every purchase of Nestlà © product, holding consumer contest and events when it is newly launch. Furthermore, offering a lower price promotion or giving out some freebies with every purchase of the product can help to penetrate competitors market. By doing so, it can help to create an added value and satisfaction within customers when purchasing the product as customers love great value for money and offers. Place: This product will also be made available and accessible for everyone where it can be easily obtainable nationwide. It will not only be made available in hypermarkets and supermarkets but can also be easily purchased through vending machines, convenience stores, fast food outlets and petrol kiosks when the consumer has a sudden desire of having the drink. Market Development (creating a wider target market) People: This new drink should be able to have a wider segment since it is meant for everyone as it is a healthy drink. However, this drink is not just targeting people who are health conscious but also for people who desires and enjoys having fruit juices all the time. Furthermore, having a wider market can help boost extra sales and profit. Target Market The target market for NesFruits would be more for consumers who are health conscious especially the baby-boomers generation. This product is created in such a way where it is less sweet with no added artificial flavouring and colouring. In addition, this product will also be targeting people who want convenience and enjoy drinking pure fruit juice. Positioning This product will be positioned as a healthier choice of fruit juice which contains less sugar and no artificial colouring and flavouring is added into the drink. Furthermore, this fruit juice also contains high vitamin C as it is made from real fruits. The purpose of having this product to be less sweet is due to increasing numbers of diabetics in Malaysia (The Star, 2010). As people are aware of the risk of consuming too much sugar, this will lead them to purchase healthier alternative drinks. Besides that, artificial content is also unimportant in Nestlà © products with the supporting campaign theme of Some Things are Best Left Natural. In fact, colouring and flavouring does not play an important obsession to adults as they know that artificial content is a chemical which will harm the body if consumed on a long term basis (Heather, 2007). On top of this, it is not the colour of the drink that matters but the original quality content of the drink which is more important such as t he purity and freshness of the juice with a combination of fruity good taste. In addition, this drink is also more refreshing and thirst quenching because there is less sugar added as sugar will tend to make a person thirstier after consumption. This drink also helps bring convenience for fruit juice lovers where they do not need to go through the process of blending fruits to get the juices as this product really taste like juice out from the blender. Moreover, this product can be consumed on a daily basis as it is made from natural fruits with less sugar and no added artificial content and therefore suitable for everyone. Competitive Advantage These new juices are high in vitamin C as they are extracted from real fruits. Furthermore, this drink also contains less sugar compared to other fruit juices that is available in the Malaysia market. In addition, artificial content is also not added into the drink with supporting campaign theme Some Things are Best Left Natural. Competitive Target The direct competitive target for this new product will be FN Sdn Bhd Fruit Tree and Malaysia Milk Sdn Bhd Marigold Peel Fresh (food-beverage.com.my). This is because both of these brands are the main key players in the fruit drink segment. Furthermore, they are also competitive challenging in terms of price as this new product will be priced higher compared to them in the market. However, with the excellent quality and the benefit of the new drink, it will somehow attract consumers that is seeking healthy drinks in the market as this new drink is something different compared to the fruit juices that competitors are having. Strategies Product NesFruits is a new fruit juice product from Nestlà © that will be an addition to the drink segment for the company. This product comes in an assorted range of flavours which includes orange, apple, grape, mango and tropical mix. It will also be packed in various pack sizes which include handy pack size of 250mL for convenience and large pack size of 1.2L and 2.0L for bulk consumption. Price The price for NesFruits will be slightly more expensive than other brand of fruit juices that is available in the market as it is made purely from fruits in comparison with the quality at an affordable price. The price will be range from RM6.99 to RM10.99. The 250mL pack of 6 will be price for RM8.99, RM6.99 for the 1.2L and RM10.99 for the 2.0L. Place NesFruits will go through channel integration which will be sold through intermediaries using conventional marketing channels such as supermarkets, hypermarkets, convenience stores and vending machines. This product will be easily available at all supermarkets and hypermarkets such as Giant, Tesco, and Carrefour plus easily accessible through convenience stores such as 7-Eleven, petrol kiosks and Nestlà © vending machines. Promotion In order to promote NesFruits in Malaysia, these are the following ways that the promotion should be done: Event NesFruits will be introduced and launched through an event by the Malaysia Health Ministry and Malaysia Natural Resources and Environment Ministry. The purpose of this event is not only to introduce a healthy fruit juice in the market but also to create awareness that Nestlà © Malaysia is a sustainable company towards the environment where the fruit waste from the product will be further used to make enzyme that can be use for household cleaning During this time, free samples will be done to let the people try out the new product and to collect feedback about the new drink. This product will also be placed under promotional sale for customers to purchase. In addition, this event will definitely have good publicity as it will be advertised through the media since it is supported by the Ministry of Malaysia. Product brochure NesFruits can also be introduced using Dear Nestlà © Programme by sending product brochures to introduce this new product to Dear Nestlà © members. On top of this, a coupon card for a free NesFruits 250mL and discount voucher will also be given for the members to prompt them in trying this new product which is easily obtainable at participating retailers. Sampling A coupon card for 2 free sample of NesFruits 250ml (customer gets to choose any 2 flavours) will be given out with every purchase of RM20 and above on Nestlà © products at participating retailers to introduce this product to the market. By filling in their particulars on the coupon card and submitting it to participating retailers, customers will have a chance to try out the new product for free. This product can also be promoted by having free samples in supermarkets and hypermarkets during weekends when most people do their grocery shopping. Sales promotion A sales promotion of buy 2 free 1 or giving out some nice freebies with every purchase of the product will also be done at different period of time to create added value for customers. 20% discount promotion on price (PPP) will also be done during certain period of time. Contest A contest will also be held in conjunction with the launching of this product which will be held for 2 months by just answering 3 simple questions on the contest form. Entitlement for this contest: 4x250mL 1 contest form, 1.2L 1 contest form, 2.0L 2 contest form Winners: RM50,0001; RM10,0003; RM1,00010; RM500x50 Advertisement Advertisement for this product will be done on billboards, newspapers and health magazines This is to remind, reinforce and at the same time create awareness for this newly launched product and available on-going promotions. In order to launch this promotional campaign, Nestlà © Malaysia will have to hire a specialist agency to organize the development of this campaign for this new product. People The following are ways to sell this product to retailers: In order to have working productivity among the employees in the key account management division, Nestlà © Malaysia must follow the cycle of motivation as stated in the diagram: This product is a low involvement purchasing behavior product among customers. Therefore, it is better to create awareness by having trial for this product and to collect feedback from customers to make improvement according to customers needs and wants in order to have repeat purchase in the future. Process Purchases of this product can be easily made by way of payment at the place of distribution. Physical Evidence NesFruits will be packed in a tetra pak form in which the 1.2L and 2.0L comes with bottle cap to open and close the drink easily so that the drink will not spill where as the 250mL will come with a straw and a sealed lid for convenience to drink straight away from the pack. Marketing Research Product Free sampling will be done during weekends at hypermarkets and supermarkets to get direct feedback from customers about the new product. Price Monitoring competitors through environmental scanning, and gathering, buying, soliciting information about competitors by comparing the prices of other competitors and setting the product at a reasonable price for customers under the Popularly Positioned Product once there is a high demand. Promotion Using email survey to collect feedback from customers about the product that they obtained from retailers using the coupon card and customer who answer the survey will get a discount voucher to purchase Nestlà © products. Directly ask for customers feedback and record it during sampling in retailer outlets and customers who gives feedback will obtain a small gift Place Regular site visits to retailers to check on the availability. The visitation will be done on a weekly basis at different locations for 1 to 3 years depending on how well the new product sells. KEY AVTIVITY PLANNER MARKETING ACTIVITY BUDGET Overall Strategies Strategies Cost Event to launch NesFruits in support with the Ministry of Malaysia RM200,000 Giving out product brochure to introduce NesFruits to Dear Nestlà © members with coupon card and discount voucher for members to try out the product RM250,000 Giving out free samples of NesFruits with a purchase of RM20 and above on Nestlà © products RM600,000 Sampling in hypermarkets and supermarkets RM200,000 Buy 2 free 1 sales promotion

Year Round Schooling Speech -- Education

Year Round Schooling Speech Have you ever thought about what life would be like having to go to school year round? Well kids today feel that with all the pressure and work they have during the school year, they need the 3 month break time period in order to regroup themselves and have a change of scenery. Year round schooling in the past few years has become a trend that is sweeping the nation, and I am going to tell you why year round schooling IS NOT a way to send the children of America through school. Not only does year round schooling affect the children of America but, it also affects the parents of students, the personal growth and maturity of the students, and the experiences that each child should encounter in-order to develop their own self. Year round schooling affects the parents of students almost as much as the student themselves. Now, I know you guys are thinking, how does this affect parents when we are the ones actually going to school? Well according to the American School Board Journal, parents "turn thumbs down" to year round schooling. Parents...

Memory in Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway Essay -- Virginia Woolf Mrs.

Memory in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway Clarissa Dalloway and Peter Walsh are defined by their memories. Virginia Woolf creates their characters through the memories they share, and indeed fabricates their very identities from these mutual experiences. Mrs. Dalloway creates a unique tapestry of time and memory, interweaving past and present, memory and dream. The past is the key to the future, and indeed for these two characters the past creates the future, shaping them into the people they are on the June day described by Woolf. Peter and Clarissa’s memories of the days spent at Bourton have a profound effect on them both and are still very much a part of them. These images of their younger selves are not broad, all-encompassing mental pictures, but rather the bits and pieces of life that create personality and identity. Peter remembers various idiosyncracies about Clarissa, and she does the same about him. They remember each other by â€Å"the colours, salts, tones of existence,† the very essence that makes human beings original and unique: the fabric of their true identities (30). Clarissa Dalloway is content with her life with Richard, is content to give her party on a beautiful June evening, but she does regret at times that she can’t â€Å"have her life over again† (10). Clarissa’s memories of Bourton, of her youth, are brought back to her vividly by just the â€Å"squeak of the hinges. . . [and] she had burst open the French windows and plunged at Bourton into the open air† (3). The very intensity of these memories are what make them so much a part of what she is– everything in life reminds her of Bourton, of Sally Seton, of Peter Walsh. Peter and Sally were her best friends as a girl, and â€Å"with the two of them. . . she s... ... eternally knotted in the combined tapestry of their lives, never to be disentangled from each other and therefore entwining their lives together as well as their memories of idyllic summers and bitter storms. Memory can be triggered by anything, causing life to run in a continual loop between the past and the future, the truth and the dream. Peter and Clarissa will always be shaped by their memories; that is, the core of their being. As Clarissa descends the stairs at the end of her party Peter wonders â€Å"what is this terror? What is this ecstacy? . . . What is it that fills me with extraordinary excitement? It is Clarissa . . . For there she was† (194). And there she will always be, forever bound in his memory just as he is forever tied into hers, together creating their true identities. Work Cited Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. Orlando, FL: Harcourt, Inc., 2005.

Analysis of the Guiness Trust LTD Business Plan Essay -- essays resear

For any successful business such as the Guinness Trust one needs to have a business plan, which normally comprises of a 5 year plan detailing their operating plans. The plan details where you are now, where you want to be and your plan for growth. In short this is a blue print of the steps needed to build any business. A business plan is often required to obtain monetary funds, whether from investors or local government. Potential investors will look at the strength of the plan before your business is considered for investment, they will be looking for a plan which indicates a healthy return of profit. With good business plans instilled, investors will want to join any successful business such as the Parchment Housing Group Ltd which joined as part of the Guinness Trust Group. This plan also helps to structure the financial side of any business, but essentially it helps to raise funds if required. The plan is not just for banks and investors but is a guide post for employees. It al so demonstrates to people that you are worth supporting and communicates to staff and other interested parties in what direction you are heading. Guinness Trust Business plan stated how they were able to focus their efforts, set objectives, what its priorities are, stated their vision, what their core values are and set which way the company was heading. It also enabled it to set realistic targets that allow some flexibility without deviating away from their core objectives. The Guinness trust have sound and comprehensive plans which includes the Strategic Plan , the five year action plan, environmental plan ,construction clients charter action plan and the national action plan. With these plans they are able to sustain a viable business which... ... hardly in companies and nobody had ever heard of e-mails, let alone mobile phones, internet or the company intranet. Present Day companies need to be aware of the latest technologies to be able to stay in competition, and possibly improve their products. Lastly legal constraints which all though not part off the PEST analysis but is part of PESTLE and SLEPT analysis I feel its still just as important as the rest of the categories of PEST. Factors such as changes in law and regulations are such issues that companies need to be aware of and to anticipate in which changes may affect the way they perform. Looking at the business plan of the Guinness Trust Ltd they have more than just covered the basic contents of a business plan when you read it, it leaves you in no doubt that they have covered every aspect that might be asked of them from any future investor.

Eagle Machine Company Essay

EAGLE MACHINE COMPANY The Eagle Machine Company has fallen on bad times. Eagle, a maker of specialty restaurant equipment, has sales totaling $72 million, but sales are declining while costs continue to increase. If things continue in this direction, Eagle soon may have to close its doors. At a special management meeting, the president lays it on the line! He demands that the firm break even in the remaining quarter of the year. For next year, he calls for profits of 5 percent, a 20 percent increase in sales, and deeper cuts in labor, material, and overhead. Later in the day, the president calls Sally Stone, director of supply management, in for a discussion. â€Å"Sally, I want your supply management people to carry the ball at the start of the game. We can’t get sales moving for six months. But you can improve your housekeeping—and Eagle’s profits—right away. Just think what you can do to that chart! Every penny you save is profit! So take a close look at what you buy. I don’t care how you make your savings—by negotiations, inventories, imports, anything. But put the screws on tight—right away! â€Å"Start with inventories, they’re sky-high. So get together with manufacturing on a 10 percent cut! We’ve got $12 million worth of materials stashed away around here, and a 10 percent cut would save at least $300,000 a year in carrying charges. At the same time, get your payroll and operating expenses down 10 percent. That is in line with our companywide cutback. I know this hurts, Sally, because you’ve got some mighty fine people here in supply management, but we can’t be sentimental these days. Our overhead has got to come down—or we’re dead! â€Å"I’m having an executive committee meeting in one week. Have your plans ready by that time! We’re betting on you, Sally. Sally reports to the president, as do other department heads. Sally learns from inventory control that raw stock inventory is $12. 2 million. The marketing manager controls finished goods stocks. Sally wonders how she can deliver the cost reduction and still keep her department and supplier relations in shape for the long pull. 1. What actions should Sally take to reduce inventories by 10 percent? 2. What dangers, if any, are there in reducing inventories? 3. In what ways could the cost of goods purchased be reduced? 4. What position should Sally take on the president’s plan to reduce the supply management payroll by 10 percent?

Motivation in History: Charles Beard and the Founding Fathers Essay

Throughout history there are all kinds of historians that describe about our history and how we got to where we are. Charles Beard is a unique historian because he talks about the motives on our history event by not just any event. This issue created a lot of debate on what Charles Beard believed and that is the motives of the Founding Fathers. Charles Beard published An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States on whether the Constitution’s backers simply concerned for the nation or were they interested in protecting their own material interest. He also describes that questioning the motives of the Constitution’s supporters, it also demonstrated how important our interpretations of the past could be. The supporters of the Constitution before made the Articles of Confederation. The Article of Confederation was designed for the States to have the power and to have a weak central government, but it produced some problems. Money capital suffered under the Articles of Confederation, the lack of securities for American products and investments into the foreign market. Also under the Article of Confederation the government was not paying the interest on its debt from the war, which crippled the country. He made these arguments to back his thesis on that the supporters of the Constitution was looking for their interest and not entirely the nations interest. After Charles Beard published this thesis, made a dispute against other historians. These historians do not believe Charles Beard’s thesis and try to disprove his thoughts and prove that the supports did not write the Constitution for their own interest. In a chart, which shows the Delegates that were at the Constitution Convention. The Delegates on this chart are people having public security holdings, who are people from all different backgrounds. The Delegates mostly signed the Constitution were not all wealthy landowners looking out for them. There was some small farmer in that group, who would never sign the document to benefit the rich. In other chart on the Delegates to the New York State Ratifying Convention shows that there was a mixes of  people with different economic status voting for the Ratifying Convention. Also the people who voted were Federal and Anti-Federal that voted Federal, plus lawyers did not vote for it and those would be the kind of people to want the Constitution if it was to benefit the supporters. This chart showing that it was not just the supports interest it was made for the nation because they were different people voting different ways. The Founding Fathers Debate the Establishment of Congress discusses about the thought of the Delegates, who were at the Convention. Mr. Gerry was one of those men there and he said â€Å"The evil we experience flow from the excess of democracy.† Also â€Å"It would seem to be maxim of democracy to starve the public servants.† To what Mr. Gerry said and that he left without signing the Constitution and who also had the largest amount of money. All these disprove what Beard was trying to prove in his thesis because if it benefited the supporters won’t he be one to want to sign it. John Madison said â€Å"From the protection of differing and unequal abilities for the acquiring of property, there results the possession of different degrees and kinds of property; and from the influence of these differences there follows a division of society into different interests and parties.† With different interests there cannot be a majority making the Constitution for their own interest. Alexander Hamilton discuses about the needs the government must attend to and under the Article of Confederation would never be possible. He pushes the Constitution that can handle all of its problems and looked for the best interest of the people because it does benefit him just the stability of the country. I believe that Beard’s thesis on the motives of the Founding Fathers was not entirely correct because it was more than economics. I am impress on his thesis because he does creates support back up his thesis and with just reading his writing it makes you wonder is it possible, which is want he want that to be the reaction of people. The problem is if you are an historian you could not just read his writing, you must research other source and reading other primary sources the Beard’s thesis died out. Beard thesis is a step to understand our past; with this the historians stimulate others to research better and so on. That was one of Beard’s goals  but it backfired and took his thesis out of believing it was possible. This is a way of life and that it is the right of the Constitution to have been able to disprove peoples work and improve to understand our past.

Food Safety and Hyienic Practices of Street Food Essay

DISCUSSION The street food industry plays an important role in developing countries in meeting the food demands of the urban dwellers. Street foods feed millions of people daily with a wide variety of foods that are relatively cheap and easily accessible (Latham, 1997). However there are significant reports of health problems that have been associated with these street foods(Muleta and Ashenafi (2001); Ashenafi (1995); El-Sherbeeny et al (1985); Abdussalam and Kaferstein, (1993); Mensah et al (2002) and Omemu and Aderoju (2008). Street foods are sources of nutrition for many low-income groups at affordable prices in large urban areas.Nevertheless, there are also several health hazards associated with them. These foods could be main vehicle for transmission of severe and fatal diseases that could be life threatening. Contamination of these foods could result from pre or post cooking contamination from the food handlers. Street food vendors are often unlicensed, untrained in food safety, food hygiene and sanitation, and work under crude unsanitary conditions (FAO 1990). Muinde and Kuria (2005) in their study in Nairobi, Kenya found that over thirty-five percent of the vendors belonged to the age category of 20-25 years. Sixty percent of the vendors were male while 40% were female. Sixty-two percent of the vendors interviewed had primary education and below, 36.3% had secondary education while only 1.3% had college education. In our study we found women made up 66.67% of the vendors while males made up 33.33% who fell into the average age group of 31-40 years with mean age of 41.23 years. This is in contrast with their findings. In Accra the street food trade was conducted by children aged >10 years and by women aged.

Being a Nurse Is More Than a Job, It’s a Treasure Essay

To me, being a nurse is far more than a job or even a career. It’s an adventure, a continuous learning process that I embark on bravely each day, in search of life changing events and miracles. Touching the lives of others is a treasure chest overflowing with metaphorical gold, whether the help I provide is of great measure or remains unnoticed. The pride I hold in saying, â€Å"I’m going to be a nurse,† is immeasurable. Nursing is more than a profession of integrity and compassion, it is a privilege that measures out my values as a human being and the responsibilities granted to me with the precious gift of life. The first time I truly touched a person’s life, although the encounter was brief, was surprisingly fulfilling. A strong feeling of accomplishment and self-worth spread rapidly throughout my body and soul that no average â€Å"good deed† has ever accomplished. Nursing exceeds that average deed by far. After each experience, I’m left with an awestruck attitude of purpose, knowing that I am needed in someone’s life. By saying, â€Å"I’m going to be a nurse† each morning, I get the motivation needed to survive the awaited day ahead of me with a smile. In my opinion, nurses aren’t angels. They don’t go hand in hand with hearts and rainbows. Nursing is about providing care, yes, but that does not entail that nurses’ only purpose is to be a compassionate hand to hold on to. Nursing integrates science and care. Nurses take the knowledge they have gained from their education as well as their experience and apply it each and every day, all while, being there to comfort patients in their times of need, whether what is needed is an IV, pain medication, or an ear that will listen. Like it said in the documentary, a nurse takes advantage of opportunities, faces daily challenges, and most importantly in my eyes, is a powerful advocate for the patient. Watching this video enlightened me to the most significant responsibilities of a nurse. I’ve realized that a nurse is the liaison between the doctor and the patient. They ensure that the patient fully understands what is happening to them in their most vulnerable states. Nurses are responsible for patient education and for making sure the patient understands what the doctor tells them. Ardis Bush said just a few words that really clarified what being a nurse is  all about. She said that nurses treat the whole person, someone with feelings, someone who may cry – not just the diagnosis. In other words, doctors cure, but nurses heal. Ardis really helped me understand the difference between a doctor and a nurse. Nursing facilitates more meaningful patient interaction. I don’t want my patients to be just a statistic. I want to remember them and how strong they were emotionally when they weren’t strong physically. This video showed me that being a nurse will allow me to do just that.

Performance of Senior Executives in a Firm Essay

Performance of Senior Executives in a Firm - Essay Example Interestingly though, the changing times have never seen difference of opinion in one particular area; how the masses criticize their bosses at large! One major factor which generates such opinion is the considerable difference in remuneration and perks for the higher ups, which are always in sharp contrast with their subordinates. Hereunder shall be a discourse of how examples from a very different arena of sports, can be successfully extrapolated to reconstruct the work infrastructure of the top-level management. In psychology, the core theories of behavior modification revolve around the concept of reward and punishment. And this being the primary science that studies human behavior, much can be applied from it unto the realm of economics. Organizational psychology and workplace economics in any setting, therefore, is incumbent upon the fact that people work because of their motivation and incentives. Regardless of passion and loyalty, the primary needs of a person have to be fulfilled in order for him to perform beyond the ordinary. Incentives, here, play the role of that little 'extra' spice that is added to life; something more that the employee and the organization are looking forward too and yearn to achieve. At this point in time, it is important to consider the Directorial level of the organization both as human beings, and as employees of the organization! For a small child, a toy or a candy can play the role of a potent incentive. Obviously, the adult human demands for much more than that. Nonetheless, the primary role that is played by any incentive-providing-stimulus is the same - it generates more interest in a person, and the overall productivity of work increases. But here, an interesting fact must be considered. The same child, if knows, that no matter how much he cries or yells he will get the toy, the incentive factor diminishes to a negligible level. However, when the same toy is presented to him on accord of providing a disciplined stance, or taking his supper on time, than it acts as a positive incentive and concrete behavior modification can be seen. Exactly on the same principle, if any employee of an organization, regardless of seniority level, knows that come what may, the actual increment in pay and perks will be there, than it is much too obvious that the productivity shall not be the same. However, when a realization is set into the individual that increments shall be performance-based, than we see a positive vector definition for work by the individual, which provides a symbiotic benefit to the organization. Now here, focus is required upon the top-level management. The aforementioned theory is generally applied on subordinates in all organizations at large - do good work and get good pay. Yet, contrary to the theoretical norms of economic and organizational management, the Mangers are kept out of this 'struggle for work'. Once a person is in the higher ranks, it seems predestined that the ladder will only go up, much in the manner of an escalator! This not only creates a bias and division in understanding of human workplace ethics, but also creates unrest in the minds of lower-levels in the firm. (a) Analogy from Payment Systems for Jockeys Though some top managers may find it bizarre to be compared to race jockeys, yet the

Lessons From Lafarge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lessons From Lafarge - Essay Example Objectives of ISO 14001:2004 The internal objectives of the ISO 14001:2004 are provide assurance to management for controlling organizational processes and activities having an impact on the environment, and to assure the employees that they are working in an environmentally responsible organization. The external objectives are assuring external stakeholders like customers, community and regulatory agencies about the environmental issues, conforming to the environmental regulations. Other objectives include supporting the organization’s claims and interactions about its environmental rules, strategies and proceedings. A structure for representing compliance by means of suppliers’ statement of conformity has also been an object (ISO 2012). Environmental Performance Measurement The first generation of environment performance evaluation (EPE) comprised companies with reactive environmental policies. The focus was on the risk management and dealing with environment related costs. The available environmental performance data was used for internal purpose (Bennett et al. 1999, p.84). The second generation environment performance evaluation is marked by the inclusion of stakeholder management in the framework. Companies moving to this phase focus on site reporting. This phase is also influenced by the total quality management. This requires more detailed data. The second generation focused on resource productivity with waste minimization (Bennett et al. 1999, pp.84-86). The proposed ISO 14031 can be modeled in the shape of diamond. There are three important facets of environment performance evaluation. The first facet reflects bulk of measurable activities dealing with energy, materials, emissions and wastes. The second facet is a west-east axis which is mainly the product chain that includes the environmental impacts of the supplier. The diamond’s north south activities have two objectives. The first one is to assess the direct environmental impa cts associated with the sustainability of the organization’s activities. The other is to assess the business side of the environmental actions (Bennett et al. 1999, pp.87-90). In 2011, Lafarge remained in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). The group scored high in the environmental reporting, climate strategy, biodiversity and stakeholder commitment. This is evaluated by Sustainability Asset Management for the DJSI (Lafarge, 2012). Ernst & Young examined the Group's social and environmental indicators and certified its practices (Lafarge, 2012). Corporate Environmental Strategies Managers should consider company’s position with respect to both market and nonmarket factors while deciding on an environmental strategy. Market strategy uses environmental issues for creating a competitive advantage for the company. This is achieved through cost savings and increased profits. Nonmarket strategy focuses on the interactions with stakeholders like, regulators, local com munities, and environmental interest groups. These strategies consider creating value by improving overall performance and image. Nonmarket strategies may present competitive advantages by recognizing new opportunities created by regulation or public sentiment (Maxwell, J. et al. , 1997, pp.118-119). The proactive companies’ managers recognized a number of competitive advantages arising from their environmental response. The reactive companies were not able to relate their corporate environmental awareness strategies

Formal essay on Frankenstein Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Formal on Frankenstein - Essay Example We study the same in our thesis here. Much as the critics would hate it, Shelley’s depiction of how Frankenstein is created is a wholly enjoyable read that has the elements of hatred and loathsomeness intertwined with a feeling of awe and surprise. Shelley has used words like â€Å"trance†, â€Å"work-shop of filthy creation†, and â€Å"all soul and sensation† (Shelley, 50), which add that poetic flavor to a scene that is in plain words horrendous and ethically wrong. Victor Frankenstein is a person who wishes to create a being of his own type. He is consumed with the idea of being a creator but unaware of the responsibilities that come with it. He creates the monster or ghost in a state of trance, wherein no other human element is involved. Thus, the ghost is a sub human creation and not a clone expected through science. Using the power of spirit to rule over the world is often a writer’s chance to open up different visuals in the mind of the reader. Many argue that quite a few salient features of the original novel are missing from its movie version. Amongst these features, one factor is the emphasis on the confused origin of the monster clone. Humans have grown with the understanding that for procreation, a male and a female must come together. In this story, the scientific vision of creation, that is solely man-made, is generated by making Victor the sole creator of a monster, which is born out of no woman. Therefore, again the monster’s origin is non-human which makes him unfit to exist in the human society, let alone be born or have a family. With such a start, the reader goes through a series of thought lines that the monster takes in his consecutive scenes. According to the writer, the monster grows a fondness for Elizabeth who is Elizabeth’s cousin and a love interest. We can understand that such fondness comes from the fact that the monster