Managerial Economics Essay - 5339 Words

Managerial Economics: A Problem-Solving Approach 2nd Edition End-of-Chapter Questions and Answers Table of Contents Chapters 1 and 2 - Introduction and The One Lesson of Business 5 Multiple Choice Questions 5 Multiple Choice Key 5 Short Answer Questions 6 Short Answer Key 6 Chapter 3 - Benefits, Costs, and Decisions 8 Multiple Choice Questions 8 Multiple Choice Key 8 Short Answer Questions 9 Short Answer Key 10 Chapter 4 - Extent (How Much) Decisions 11 Multiple Choice Questions 11 Multiple Choice Key 12 Short Answer Questions 12 Short Answer Key 13 Chapter 5 - Investment Decisions: Look Ahead and Reason Back 15 Multiple Choice Questions 15 Multiple Choice Key 15†¦show more content†¦When are parties likely to engage in transactions? a) If they both gain from the transaction b) If the sale price is above the seller’s value and below the buyer’s value c) When the total gains from trade are greater than zero d) All of the above 4. The existence of underemployed assets: a) is inefficient because not all assets are being put to their highest use b) implies the potential for money-making opportunities c) provides the opportunity for wealth-creating transactions d) All of the above 5. In a transaction for a good valued at $100,000 by a buyer and $95,000 by a seller, what amount of tax would result in an unconsummated transaction? a) Any tax amount would result in an unconsummated transaction b) A tax of $1,500 c) A tax of $5,500 d) It depends on how much the parties are willing to pay (and accept) for the good Multiple Choice Key 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. d 5. c Short Answer Questions Property Rights Why are property rights so important in creating wealth? Goal Alignment at a Small Manufacturing Company The owners of a small manufacturing company have hired a manager to run the company with the expectation that he will buy the company after five years.Show MoreRelatedManagerial Economics12384 Words   |  50 Pages|Managerial Economics | | | |UNIT -I | | | |[Pick the date] Read MoreManagerial Questions On Managerial Economics1736 Words   |  7 Pages MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS MANDIP SINGH SETHI K1300050 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 TYPES OF DISECONOMIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 DECENTRALIZATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 REFERENCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 What are managerial diseconomies of scale and what, if anything, can be done about this phenomenon? DecreasingRead MoreManagerial Economics1517 Words   |  7 Pagestickets. Rachel Green, manager for the Sherman Oaks office, has been asked to recommend an appropriate level of advertising. In thinking about this problem, Green noted its resemblance to the optimal resource employment problem studied in a managerial economics course. The advertising/sales relation could be thought of as a production function, with advertising as an input and sales as the output. The problem is to determine the profit-maximizing level of employment for the input, advertising, inRead MoreManagerial Economics4591 Words   |  19 PagesMB0042 - Managerial Economics ASSIGNMENT SET I: Ans.1. The price elasticity of demand is not the same for all commodities. It may be or low depending upon number of factors. The factors which influence price elasticity of demand, in brief, are as under:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (i) Nature   of Commodities. In developing countries of the world, the per capital income of the people is generally low. They spend a greater amount of their income on the purchaseRead MoreManagerial Economics1932 Words   |  8 PagesMBA 5600 Managerial Economics Assignment #1 1. What impact will the prospect of deprivatization have on investment by managers of privatized firms? The impact will be: - Loosing corporate focus; - Missing planned CEO turnover; - Affecting planned managerial objects and strategic efficiency Obviously, normal managers invest in long-term projects, products and services, deprivatization may come up with a different strategy that not aligned with corporate goals and its profit will probablyRead MoreManagerial Economics2909 Words   |  12 PagesSEMESTER 2014 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS – BMME5103 ASSIGNMENT (60%) Name: NGUYá »â€žN THá »Å  MINH HIá »â‚¬N Class: MBAOUM0514-K14A Question 1 a. What is (are) the main difference(s) between a monopolistically competitive market and a monopoly market? Their characteristics are different: |Monopolistically competitive market |Monopoly market | |Large number of small firms: Read MoreManagerial Economics Assignment952 Words   |  4 PagesMS- 09: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT Course Code : MS- 09 Course Title : Managerial Economics Assignment Code : 9/TMA/SEM-II/2010 Coverage : All Blocks Attempt All the Questions. â€Å"A close relationship between management and economics has led to the development of managerial economics.† Explain this statement. BOOK NO 1 PAGE NO. 7 Managerial Economics consists of the use of economic modes of thought to analyse business situation Spencer and Siegelman haveRead MoreManagerial Economics ( Bus529ah1 )1154 Words   |  5 Pages Managerial Economics (BUS529AH1) Final Exam Question 1. (a). Marginal Revenue (MR) is the adjustment altogether income because of a unit change in amount. So also Marginal cost (MC) is the additional cost of producing a unit. These two ideas are extremely helpful in ideal designation of assets. Assets will mean all variables of creation utilized as a partRead MoreEssay on Managerial Economics679 Words   |  3 PagesGus Bonilla MBA 217 Managerial Economics Individual Assignment 2) A firm’s product sells for $2 per unit in a highly competitive market. The firm produces output using capital (which it rents at $75 per hour) and labor (which is paid a wage of $15 per hour under a contract for 20 hours of labor services). Complete the following table and use that information to answer the questions that follow. K | L | O | MPK | APK | APL | VMPK | 0 | 20 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 20 | 50 | 50 | 50Read MoreManagerial Economics and Globalization997 Words   |  4 PagesECO 550: Managerial Economics and Globalization Assignment 3 Instructor: Dr. A. A. Boakye Due By: 08/08/2011 Candidate’s Name-Andre Stevenson INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ALL the questions in PART I and PART II Part 1 (40 points) 1. The WXY Corporation has fixed costs of $50. Its total variable costs (TVC) vary with output as shown in the following table. Refer to the table. The average total cost of 4 units of output is A. $27.50 B. $40.00 C. $52.50 D. $210.00 2

Examples of Research Paper

<h1>Examples of Research Paper</h1><p>Some individuals who are composing an exploration paper may not know about the utilization of models in an examination paper. This is on the grounds that a case of an examination paper may seem to be an over-rearrangements. A case of an examination paper is useful for the individuals who are needing a definite clarification about how certain investigations were conveyed out.</p><p></p><p>The insights regarding how tests were completed in an exploration paper must be inquired about cautiously. Albeit most logical papers have been acknowledged for distribution, there is no reason for distributing a paper if the insights regarding how it was completed are not all around recorded. This is especially valid for an example size calculation.</p><p></p><p>An case of an examination paper must incorporate an exact clarification of the subtleties of each analysis. The insights concerning the e xamination must be written so that it very well may be comprehended by perusers. On the off chance that this isn't done, a peruser can without much of a stretch discover the subtleties and misconstrue them as inaccurate.</p><p></p><p>An case of an exploration paper ought to likewise clarify how measurements were determined for the information that was gathered. This will be clarified as a major aspect of the factual examination. It is critical to comprehend what the genuine standard deviation is for the information and the normal value.</p><p></p><p>Of course, the example size estimation must be remembered for the factual examination. An examination paper ought to contain the data about the example size and what number of subjects are remembered for the investigation. The measurable trial of centrality is clarified as well.</p><p></p><p>In request to do an example size computation, you need to know the quantity of subjects in each gathering. When you realize the example size, you should have the option to compute the example standard deviation for each gathering. This is the quantity of standard deviations from the example implies differ from the mean.</p><p></p><p>Most measurable tests require the standard deviation to be more prominent than one. Be that as it may, there are various sorts of measurable tests. Their test is one of them.</p><p></p><p>An case of an exploration paper needs to contain all the insights concerning the examination. That is the reason a case of an exploration paper is useful. For a case of an examination paper, you have to comprehend what every factor is, the means by which they were estimated, the information that was gathered, and what methodology were utilized to gather the data.</p>

Good Sports Writing - Essay Topics With Gambling Aspects

Good Sports Writing - Essay Topics With Gambling AspectsArcadia Tom Stoops is a well-known college football writer. Many of his articles are written in the college paper, The Arizona Daily Wildcat. His articles often contain essay topics that include: road trips, watching the games, and sports betting. He also has written several pieces on sports book making.This is why it is such a refreshing change to have him write about essay topics involving sports gambling. One example of an essay topic with a gambling aspect involves writing about an amateur gambler who began to see winning streaks in his life. Many readers will appreciate knowing that their favorite college sports team's statistics or win/loss record can be placed in context and come back to read about the other side of the story.Gambling and sports are a hot topic for him these days. One of his big articles this season was on 'Gambling Dollars and their Realities'. The article covers the numerous ways gamblers use to make mo ney. Here is one example of an essay topic with a gambling theme:You see a business owner went from being broke to being successful because he found a secondary reason to run a business. He starts to analyze the way he controls the business from day to day, week to week, month to month. He even starts to determine the best times of the year to be open to the public. Because of this, he has found the ability to create some of the most successful businesses.Many of the essay topics are about sports betting. Articles are published every day by his to ensure he gets his reader's attention and to create interest. Many of his readers are usually from Arizona.To illustrate, one person will be interested in this particular topic and he will need research material for his article. Then there are the people who visit his website and the articles he posts. In these visitors' eyes, he is constantly bringing them articles about gambling and sports. He does not limit himself to his college footba ll circle either.So, how can you create more essay topics with gambling and sports betting themes? There are a few tips and tricks. One tip is to draw from your own passions. Not just the love of sports and gambling, but the passion for your favorite topics as well.Just as the sport of football is a hot topic, so is gambling. The subjects of sports gambling and the passion for sports gambling are some of the topics of interest. Arcadia Tom Stoops wants to keep his readership up to date with the latest news regarding gambling, sports, and anything related to sports.

Ideas For Students

Ideas For StudentsAt some point, every American student has to deal with school papers. For some of them, it is simply part of the school year's routine, as the traditional deadlines are passed and the new grades are decided. For others, though, a paper deadline is a source of stress, as it can be hard to get started on time.There are many reasons that school papers need to be pushed back. In some schools, most students get enough work done before the end of the year, which makes it easier to get everything signed off. Some students struggle with schoolwork due to illness or a death in the family, so papers are given a longer extension. In some cases, students simply don't think they have enough time, and papers need to be submitted in the weeks or months following a due date.Because most students have advanced degrees, they have different methods for writing papers. Some take tests, for example, which require more work than simply taking notes. It is also more complicated to create an essay and read it back as a test. Papers often contain more sections than the simple notes students may have done at home. There are various types of papers, such as project papers, research papers, and class papers.Keep in mind that deadlines should not be too hard to meet. Any student who has papers that must be written and submitted should set a deadline and stick to it. Many students find that they can get started sooner if they are clear about the deadline and keep it in mind throughout the year.Not everyone enjoys working with others in a physical environment. While some students prefer to work from home, others may prefer the privacy of a small classroom or computer. It is important to find out what works best for each student. If one student is unable to make it to class because of sickness or vacation, their work needs to be properly completed. While most papers should be submitted when the deadlines are due, there are some students who are unable to submit papers due to special circumstances or parent's permission. Check with the administrator to see if a deadline can be postponed until the appropriate time. In some cases, the due date may need to be moved up or down.Papers should be organized correctly. The different sections of the paper should be clearly listed and the order of the sections should be defined. This is especially important when it comes to research papers, as the researcher may be on the move or have multiple copies of information.Papers should be organized and easy to read. Although everyone has their own way of writing, many students find that reading their work aloud or listing out all of the sections makes it easier to focus on a single topic. Review before hand so that you know what needs to be included. Try to get started on paper assignments as soon as possible to ensure that all of the proper materials are available when the deadline arrives.

Sports as a Tool of Integration Free Essays

INTRODUCTION What is sport? According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. The meaning of â€Å"sport† is , activity that you do for pleasure and that needs physical effort or skill, usually done in a special area and according to fixed rules. Through Wikipedia, sport is all forms of physical activity which, through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical fitness and provide entertainment to participants. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports as a Tool of Integration or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sport may be competitive, where a winner or winners can be identified by objective means, and may require a degree of skill, especially at higher levels. Hundreds of sports exist, including those for a single participant, through to those with hundreds of simultaneous participants, either in teams or competing as individuals. Some non-physical activities, such as board games and card games are sometimes referred to as sports, but a sport is generally recognised as being based in physical athleticism. What is integration? According the same Dictionary , the meaning of â€Å"integration† is, the act or process of combining two or more things so that they work together (=of integrating them) . Internet shows â€Å"Integration† (from the Latin integer, meaning whole or entire) generally means combining parts so that they work together or form a whole. * It is an act or instance of combining into an integral whole. * It is an act or instance of integrating a racial, religious, or ethnic group. * It is an act or instance of integrating an organization, place of business, school, etc. SPORTS as a tool of INTEGRATION More than just being about discipline and confidence, games bring the people together regardless of their background. SPORTS are all forms of physical activities that contribute to fitness, mental well-being and social interaction. They include play, recreation, organised casual or competitive sports as well as indigenous sports and games. By their very nature, sports essentially denote participation. They are about inclusion and citizenship. Sports activities bring individuals and communities together, highlighting commonalities and bridging cultural or ethnic divides. The easy and inherent ability of sports to bring people ogether make them a powerful communication tool. Sports provide a forum to learn skills such as discipline, confidence and leadership and core principles such as acceptance, cooperation and respect. Sports expound the value of effort and how to manage victory as well as defeat. The fundamental elements of sports make them a viable and practical tool to support the achievement of nation development. Taking part in activities will also help reduce the likelihood of many diseases a rising from a sedentary and inactive lifestyle. Sports programmes are effective tools for social mobilisation, supporting health activities and they can provide employment and contribute to local development. They encourage volunteerism and can be utilised to spearhead non-governmental changes and transformation initiatives. Sports can cut across barriers that divide societies, making them a powerful tool to support conflict prevention and peace-building efforts. When applied effectively, sports programmes promote social integration and foster tolerance, help reduce tension and generate dialogue. The concept of â€Å"Sports for All† is central to the understanding of sports. This concept aims to maximise access to and participation in appropriate forms of physical activities. Emphasis is placed on participation and accessibility for all groups in society regardless of gender, age, ability or race. Many of the core values inherent in sports are compatible with the principles necessary for development and peace, such as fair play, cooperation, sharing and respect. The life skills learned through sports help empower individuals and enhance psycho-social well-being such as increased resilience, self-esteem and connection with others. These features of sports are beneficial to people of all ages but they are especially vital to the healthy development of young people who will inherit positions of power and responsibility in government organisations. Sports are valuable tools to initiate social development and improve social cohesion, especially when implemented among young people. When social and personal skills are combined, sports can be an effective medium to intervene in a person’s ability to decide whether to abuse or not abuse drugs. This is especially true when elements of sports are combined with mechanisms and structures providing drug-related information and life-skills training. Sports can tackle causes of juvenile crime by helping youths make positive connections with adults and their peers, by integrating them into constructive activities within society and by providing useful activities. Besides , sports can be an effective tool for empowering girls and women, given that they are often excluded from participation and from enjoying its physical and psycho-social benefits. By directly challenging and dispelling misperception about women’s capabilities, integrated sports programmes help to reduce discrimination and widen women’s role. Last but not least , sports can integrate persons with disabilities into society, providing an arena for positive social interaction, reducing isolation and breaking down prejudices. Sports programmes for the disabled are also cost-effective methods of rehabilitation. They are highly therapeutic, improving motor skills and increasing mobility, self-sufficiency and self-confidence. The benefits are indeed tremendous and ideally sports can extend to previously unchartered territories of endeavours and manage human conflicts. Sports will continue to serve human development. What is â€Å"SPORT FOR ALL/ELITISM† The twin concepts of Sport for all (where everyone is encouraged and has the opportunity to take part in the sport of their choice, irrespective of any social or cultural differences such as wealth, gender or age) and Sporting excellence (where the very best performers are given additional support so that they may reach international success) can effectively be shown in the framework of a performance pyramid. There are four level: At foundation level – young children are introduced to sport and learn basic movement skills and a positive attitude to physical activity through a wide variety of activities, possibly through their schools pe programme. At participation level – youngsters choose to take part in selected activities for enjoyment and friendships, as well as for health and fitness. This may be through extra-curricular school activities, local centres and clubs. At performance level – participants are committed to performing in formally organised activities at higher club and regional levels. They are keen to improve their standard, train regularly and receive coaching. At excellence level – elite performers represent their country in national and international competition. They will be fully committed to their sport, and will, in some cases, train full time and receive financial, administrative, medical and personal support. The Sport for All campaign was launched in the UK in 1972 by the Sports Council. The Sports Council was, and remains, the catalyst and throughout, the on-going campaign has encouraged partners and organisations to join the campaign. In this way governing bodies of sport, local authorities through their leisure and amenity committees, local sports councils, sports centres and clubs have joined to promote what they have to offer. Aims: * Increase the rate of participation. * Improve performance at all levels. * Establish and reinforce the principle that the provision of opportunity to participate in sport and physical recreation is a social service. * Promote the concept that regular physical activity is beneficial to health. * To improve the quality of life. Objectives: The promotion of sport within target groups of non-participants. * The promotion of excellence in support of the governing bodies of sport. * Targeting inner city and areas of social deprivation. * Attracting sponsorship and financial investment in sport. * The reduction of coronary heart disease. * Opening up of natural resources, such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, countryside, coastal areas, hills and mountains for recreational use. Sport in Oly mpics (example) Sports have been bringing people from all over the world together since the first Olympics in Greece many years ago. Sports bring people a since of accomplishment but more importantly, unity. When playing a sport, whether it is with multiple people or by yourself, you have to be able to communicate with team members and coaches. If you are playing the sport by yourself, chances are you have a coach there at your side somewhere. Communication is extremely important when it comes to unity. It allows you to tell your other players or coach what is going on in a particular game situation in order to play as the game well. In a team setting, you know your team is unified when there is trust on the field or court. You have to be able to trust your teammate will make the important catch to get you the first down or trust in your teammate to score the winning basket to win the championship. Sometimes you get the important super star on your team yet your team cannot win. It is because his/her players cannot communicate with him/her and therefore they cannot trust him. This team lost the game before they ever started because without trust talent means nothing. Trust brings unity and is the key to winning games. Additionally, sports have created unity amongst small towns, big cities, and nations all over the world. When certain events such as the Olympics or the World Cup are played people will gather at the event, in a bar or at a friend’s house draped in their nation’s flag or wearing their favorite team’s colors. Without unity sports wouldn’t be any fun and no one would play them. Conclusion In conclusion, the information above show sports as a tool of integration. There are many of examples proved sports bring unity. For example, Olympics or the World Cup games are well-known events in the world which have the same the A. G. O (Aims, Goals, Objectives) are to unite the human all around the world. Besides that, the â€Å"Sport for All† campaign is also a big well-known event in the world. It promotes sport for all the human being to participate sport. Throughout this event, human from all around the world can gather together to play games or sports. As a result, integration of human formed indirectly. In Malaysia, sports have a function as a tool of integration too. The held of SUKMA( SUKAN MALAYSIA) and MSSM (MAJLIS SUKAN-SUKAN SEKOLAH MALAYSIA). These two national sports events bring all the Malaysian together to enjoy the event and to play the games together without looking at the races and religion. How to cite Sports as a Tool of Integration, Papers

The Cuban Missile Crisis The Causes and Effects

The focus on nuclear weapons was the typical feature of two powerful states’ development during the period of the Cold War. The Soviet Union and the United States were ready to use the possibilities of the nuclear weapons in order to state their superiority at the global political arena. As a result, any conflict could become the reason for developing the global nuclear war.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Cuban Missile Crisis: The Causes and Effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Cuban missile crisis of 1962 in which the Soviet Union, Cuba, and the United States were involved was the turning point of the states’ confrontation in the Cold War because of risks to develop the nuclear conflict (Carter, 2008).  Although there are many opinions on the causes and effects of the Cuban missile crisis, it is possible to determine the main factors which can be discussed as influential for developi ng the most threatening situation in the world during the period of the Cold War. Thus, the causes for the crisis are closely associated with the Soviet Union’s intentions to protect the state from the US blockades and Cuba from the US invasion, and the effects depend on the peaceful resolution of the conflict with improving the connections between the two powerful states. The Causes for the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Role of Cuba The revolution in Cuba in 1959 made the United States discuss different methods to prevent the expansion of the Communist ideas at the territories near the US boundaries. The development of different plans to establish the anti-Communist regime in Cuba resulted in the Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961, which was supported and realized by the US government (Pressman, 2001). The US President John F. Kennedy controlled the realization of the operation, but it was ineffective. The attempts of the invasion were considered by the Soviet Union as threatening to the Communist regime and to the world’s peace. The reaction of the Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev to the actions of the US government was to place the Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba according to the agreement with Fidel Castro. After the revolution, Fidel Castro relied on the support of the most powerful Communist state that is why the Soviet Union’s intentions were shared by the Cuban leader, and the construction of the missile sites was justified from the point of defense (Schier, 2010). The actions of Khrushchev could be explained with references to the risk of anti-Communist movements in Cuba. During the year of 1962, the intensified Cuban missile crisis increased the tension between the two powerful states ready to use the nuclear weapons in order to regulate the international conflict. The fact of the Bay of Pigs Invasion along with the results of the Berlin Crisis made the situation more complicated. In spite of the fact that the USA was against the idea o f placing the missile constructions in Cuba, the Soviet Union continued to realize the idea to protect the state interests and perform the necessary security procedures.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kennedy stated that the USA would focus on any measures to prevent the threat for the US nation’s security. However, during September of 1962, the Soviet Union realized all the necessary preparation procedures in order to construct the missile sites in Cuba (Pressman, 2001). The ignorance of Kennedy’s statement and position was also a result of the US policy in relation to constructing the missiles in Turkey which were discussed as potential risks for the Soviet Union. The United States paid much attention to the possibilities for the Soviet Union to construct the missile sites in Cuba, but only a few indicators were noticed during September of 1962. All the controversial ac tivities of the Soviet Union in Cuba were explained with references to the necessity to protect Cuba from the further invasions from the United States or other non-Communist countries. The tensions between the powerful states were intensified, and there were no opportunities to assess adequately the Soviet Union’s intentions in relation to defending Cuba and attacking the United States with the help of the missiles constructed at the territories of Cuba (Schier, 2010). From this point, the Soviet Union and the United States had no intentions to develop the nuclear war, but such a risk was obvious because of Kennedy and Khrushchev’s goals to protect the states’ interest by all means. The Development of the Crisis and John F. Kennedy’s Reaction to the Soviet Union’s Activities in Cuba The United States suspected that the Soviet Union constructed the missile sites in Cuba, but this information was not supported with evidence and facts. On October 14, during the operations to gather the necessary evidence, the U-2 aircraft took clear photographs on which the construction of the missile sites was fixed. It was noticed that the construction was realized for medium-range ballistic missiles as well as for intermediate-range ballistic missiles. Thus, the 13-day crisis started on October 15 when the information about the photographs was released. In a few days, the Executive Committee of the National Security Council (EXCOMM) was organized in order to develop the plan of actions directed toward resolving the conflict situation (Stein, 2008). To react to the construction of the missile sites, the threat of the nuclear war, and the Soviet Union’s attacks, several different strategic approaches were proposed by the members of the EXCOMM. The problem was in the fact that there was no any prepared plan of actions because of the focus on the Soviet Union’s acceptance of conditions and agreements not to construct nuclear missile s at the territories near the USA. It is possible to refer to different visions of the problem by the United States and by the Soviet Union. Thus, the Soviet Union placed the nuclear missiles in Cuba in response to placing the US missiles in Turkey and as the support for Cuba to prevent the further invading activities from the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Cuban Missile Crisis: The Causes and Effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this perspective, the first measure discussed by the EXCOMM as the absence of reaction could be discussed as rather relevant in relation to the situation, but it was risky because of impossibility to predict the Soviet Union’s future actions and analyze their real intentions (Schier, 2010). The approach is known as ‘do nothing’ was rejected by the majority of the EXCOMM representatives.  Different variants of diplomatic measures were di scussed as effective means to guarantee the Soviet Union’s removal of the missiles from the territories of Cuba. Nevertheless, the necessity to develop negations could lead to the unwanted concessions for the United States. Kennedy paid much attention to the military actions as the best approaches to make the Soviet Union realize the removal of the missiles. Thus, the accents were made on the active blockade of the missiles and invasion of Cuba. The possibility of the airstrike was discussed as the reserved variant of actions during the discussion of the problem. However, the method of blockade was chosen as the most effective in order to prevent the Soviet Union from the further transportation of the missiles to the territories of Cuba. The blockade of the missiles’ transportation was also supported by the US government’s demand to remove the constructed missiles in Cuba. This approach was chosen because of a range of advantages. The open blockade demonstrated the power of the United States and the readiness of the President to use the military forces. Furthermore, the method of blockade helped accentuate the US naval superiority in the region, and the realization of the measure provided Khrushchev with the necessary time to remove the constructed missile sites in Cuba (Carter, 2008). As a result, Khrushchev became responsible for the next step in the conflict. The effective blockade or ‘quarantine’ provided the United States with the opportunity to avoid the uncontrolled confrontation between the states which could end with the nuclear war. Thus, President Kennedy informed the nation about the Soviet Union’s missile sites in Cuba and the intention to realize the blockade with the help of the national television on October 22. The response of the Soviet Union to the actions of the United States was provided on October 23. The leaders of the state proclaimed that the actions of the USA were rather aggressive and threate ning for the world peace (Gibson, 2012). The tension between the two powerful states increased significantly because the Soviet Union did not follow the US demands and the missiles were not removed.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The negotiations and discussions of the conflict could not result in the solution satisfactory for both the sides of the conflict.  The speech of the US President provoked significant international reaction to the conflict where the Western countries were inclined to support the position of the United States, and they discussed Kennedy’s approach to resolving the crisis as rather reasonable. The countries from the left camp considered the activities of the United States as too aggressive and provocative in relation to the risk of the nuclear war. On October 27, the message by Khrushchev was broadcasted to demonstrate the response of the Soviet Union to the proposed concessions. It was stated in the message that the Soviet Union would remove the missiles from the territory of Cuba only after the removal of the US missiles from Turkey (Stein, 2008). The United States continued to support their vision of the conflict and rejected the conditions proposed in the message by Khrus hchev. Furthermore, the Soviet Union’s missiles shot down the US plane, and the crisis was deepened. The risk of the war became obvious. The United States focused on the peaceful resolution of the conflict and accepted Khrushchev’s demands to remove the missiles from the territories of Turkey. The leaders of the state expected the removal of the Soviet Union’s missiles from Cuba in response to the US actions as it was stated earlier in Khrushchev’s message (Gibson, 2012). As a result, the rejection of the proposed conditions by Khrushchev could lead to his complete responsibility for the further development of military actions.  On October 28, the crisis was resolved when Khrushchev agreed with the prepositions and actions of the United States. Thus, the resolution of the conflict was the result of the effective diplomatic strategies used by Kennedy and the United States’ administration in order to regulate the problem. The Cuban-based missiles w ere dismantled as well as the US missiles were dismantled and removed from the territories of Turkey (Carter, 2008). The thirteen days of the crisis ended with starting a new page in the international relations between the two powerful states of the United States and the Soviet Union. The Effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis Focusing on the effects of the Cuban missile crisis, it is possible to state that the blockade realized by the United States and the associated demands were the only relevant method to resolve the conflict successfully for both the sides and avoid the development of the nuclear war. However, the nuclear war cannot be discussed as the goal of the Soviet Union determined before placing the missiles in Cuba or as the end goal of the United States to resolve the conflict in the region. The prestige and role of Kennedy at the global political arena increased because of the obvious success of his diplomatic strategies used to resolve the Cuban crisis. Khrushchev also b enefited from the peaceful resolution of the conflict when the United States confirmed the decision not to invade Cuba in the future. The negative consequences of the crisis were connected with the status of Khrushchev in the Kremlin because of his impossibility to resolve the conflict to his advantage. Thus, Khrushchev’s intentions and motivation in relation to placing the missiles in Cuba remain to be the topic for many discussions (Stein, 2008). It is possible to state that the location of the missiles at the territories of Cuba was the part of the developed strategy used by the Soviet Union in order to succeed in the Cold War. The effective resolution of the crisis led to the improvement of relations between the United States and the Soviet Union with references to improving the channels for the direct communication between the presidents. Thus, the Moscow-Washington hotline was worked out in order to prevent the similar conflicts in the future. Later, in 1963, the United States and the Soviet Union signed the agreement forbidding the exploration of the nuclear weapons. Thus, the Cuban crisis can be discussed as the first influential step toward discussing the development of nuclear weapons as the illegal activities, which can result in the millions of victims and enormous devastation. The strategic model to regulate the crisis which was realized by Kennedy and the US administration during the process of the conflict resolution is discussed by researchers as the classical model utilized today as the example of the successful diplomatic approach to resolving crises (Gibson, 2011). It was important for Kennedy to develop such a plan and conditions which could satisfy the opposite side and which could be successfully accepted by the both sides.  It is possible to state that the effects of the Cuban crisis are in definite changes in the United States and Soviet Union’s policies. Thus, both the states realized the significant dependence on each other, which was emphasized with references to the threat of the nuclear war. The relations between these two world powerful states achieved the new stage, and attempts of collaboration were realized in order to avoid the development of such conflict situations in the future (George, 2003). If the causes of the crisis cannot be stated clearly because of impossibility to conclude about Khrushchev’s intentions, the positive effects of the crisis are obvious. Conclusion The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 is the result of the prolonged confrontation between the two world powerful states such as the United States and the Soviet Union. The situation of the intensified tensions between the states’ leaders and developed Cold War provoked the placement of the Soviet Union’s missiles at the territories of Cuba as the reaction to the US invasion of Cuba and aggression. Non-resolved conflicts between the two states stimulated the development of new problems and conflicts, and Cuban crisis became such an influential conflict which made the public speak about the threat of not only the third world war but also about the possibilities of the nuclear war. On the one hand, the Soviet Union focused on protecting the interests of the Cuban revolution and preventing the further attempts of the US forces to invade Cuba. On the other hand, the United States responded to the risk of being attacked by the Soviet Union’s missiles because of the intensified conflicts. From this point, the causes for the development of the crisis were closely associated with the years of the Cold War and confrontation between the two states. The blockade of the Soviet Union’s transport with the materials for constructing the missiles sites in Cuba along with the demand to remove the built missiles sites was discussed by the United States as the most effective measure to resolve the conflict following the interests of the both sides. That is why the realized diplomatic me asures can be considered as the first step to resolving the prolonged Cold War and to avoiding the further crises. References Carter, E. (2008). The Cuban missile crisis. USA: Paw Prints. George, A. (2003). Awaiting Armageddon: How Americans faced the Cuban missile crisis. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Gibson, D. (2011). Speaking of the future: Contentious narration during the Cuban missile crisis. Qualitative Sociology, 34(2), 503–522. Gibson, D. (2012). Talk at the brink: Deliberation and decision during the Cuban missile crisis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Pressman, J. (2001). September statements, October missiles, November elections: Domestic politics, foreign-policy making, and the Cuban missile crisis. Security Studies, 10(3), 80–114. Schier, H. (2010). Cuban missile crisis. USA: ABDO. Stein, C. (2008). Cuban missile crisis: In the shadow of nuclear war. USA: Enslow Publishers, Inc. This essay on The Cuban Missile Crisis: The Causes and Effects was written and submitted by user Raven O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Secret Shortcuts to College Application Essay Samples about Leadership Only the Experts Know About

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